The Comprehensive Study of Electronic Monitoring as the New Criminal Sanction

电子监控最初是作为减少监狱人口的工具而发展起来的。然而，新兴市场并没有有效地减少监狱人口，相反，在欧洲国家和美国，引入新兴市场后，囚犯人数不断上升（即所谓的“净扩大”）。此外，EM系统无法改造罪犯。新兴市场并没有降低刑事司法的成本，与权威的目的相反，新兴市场本身的成本就很高。毕竟，这项研究挑战了所有现有的关于新兴市场的乐观讨论。

The Electronic Monitoring (hereafter EM) originally has been developed as the tool to reduce prison population.The EM however is not effective to reduce prison population, on the contrary, the number of prisoners keeps rising after intoroducing EM in European countries and the United States ( what is called, Net-Widening'). In addition the EM system fails to rehabilitate offenders.The EM has not reduced the cost of criminal justice , contrary to the aim of authority, the EM in itself costs high. After all, this study challenges all the existing optimistic discussions about EM.