Development of the Metal Implant Having Nano-dimples on the Surface by the Plasma Discharge in Aqueous Solution to Enhance Epithelial Attachment

种植体周围炎是由种植体表面上皮附着不良引起的，通常会导致种植体的移除。在本研究中，我们首次采用水溶液等离子体放电的方法制备了表面具有纳米凹陷的钛，称为“液内放电钛”。由于液体放电钛是一种新型材料，其性质尚未得到充分研究，我们研究了口腔黏膜角质形成细胞在二维和三维细胞培养环境下附着在液体放电钛表面的能力。结果表明，通过等离子体在水溶液中放电，我们能够在钛表面涂覆纳米级的韧窝。结果表明，钛表面具有良好的细胞增殖能力和生物相容性。进一步证实，即使钛与上皮的细胞附着环境较差，上皮也不会与液中放电的钛分离。

The peri-implantitis, which is induced by poor epithelial attachment to the implant surface, often causes the removal of implant. In this study, we first developed titanium having nano-dimples on the surface by means of the plasma discharge in aqueous solution, referred to as "in-liquid discharge Ti". Since in-liquid discharge Ti is a novel material and its properties have not fully investigated, we examined the ability of oral mucosa keratinocytes to attach the surface of in-liquid discharge Ti under two- and three-dimensional cell culture environment. As a result, we were able to coat the titanium surface with nanometer order dimples by means of the plasma discharge in aqueous solution. Our results also showed the cell proliferation and biocompatibility of the titanium surface. Furthermore, it was confirmed that epithelium did not detach from in-liquid discharge Ti even if the cell-attachment environment of titanium and epithelium was poor.