The effects 9of inhomogeneous drop size distributions (DSDs) in a radar volume, vertical structure and spectral modes of DSDs

将对几年期间获得的MRR数据进行分析，以回答概览第4节中提出的基本问题。相对于天气雷达，MRR数据具有很高的空间分辨率，与传统的散度计相比，它的散度计功能具有更高的时间分辨率，因此可以在定量的意义上研究液滴分布的即时性和非均质性对Z-R关系的影响。MRRS提供的高度分辨信息将用于建立液滴尺寸分布的高度分布特征。这些结果为将雷达可观测反射率模式与降水的微观物理性质联系起来提供了一个新的数据库，该模式在该提议的其他合作项目中得到了分析。此外，这些数据将有助于验证先进的微物理模型。还将对MRR数据进行分析，以获得关于亮带的频率、强度、高度和扩展的统计数据，以评估这一特征对基于雷达的QPE的总体影响。此外，案例研究将揭示天气雷达在其操作模式下捕捉明亮波段的可靠性和保真度。垂直降水结构的分析还包括在MRR站点发生浅降水的频率和强度问题；即垂直延伸太小而无法被天气雷达探测的降水廓线。在一项使用MRR阵列的特殊实验工作中，我们将尝试跟踪单个雨区，以观察雨区内水滴大小分布的时间发展。此外，还将分析落差路径上液滴尺寸分布的变化。这些观测将提供一个独特的句柄来评估光谱降雨模型的真实性，以及它们对支配液滴大小分布形成的微物理过程的描述。这一雄心勃勃的目标应在一个联合特别观察期内与工作计划中更详细描述的各种同步辅助测量一起实现。为了利用这些结果来改进天气雷达降雨量估计，将搜索FineScale MRR观测值和同时测量的天气雷达反射率场的特征模式特征之间的统计或物理关系，如其他AQUARADAR子项目中所分析的那样。

MRR data obtained during a time period of several years will be analyzed, in order to answer basic questions raised in section 4 of the overview. The fine spatial resolution of the MRR data relative to weather radars as well as its disdrometer functionality with much finer temporal resolution as compared with conventional disdrometers allow to investigate the effects of instationarity and inhomogeneity of drop distributions on Z-R-relations in a quantitative sense. The height-resolved information provided by MRRs will be used to establish characteristics of height profiles of drop size distributions. These results provide a novel data base for relating radar observable reflectivity patterns, analyzed in other co-projects of this proposal, to the micro physical properties of precipitation. In addirion the data will help to validate advanced microphysical models. The MRR data will be also analyzed to obtain statistical data about frequency, intensity, height and extension of the bright band, in order to assess the general impact of this feature on radar-based QPE. In addition, case studies shall reveal how reliably and with which fidelity the bright band can be captured by weather radars in their operational mode. The analysis of vertical precipitation structure includes also the question, how often and with which intensity shallow precipitation occurs at the MRR sites; i.e. precipitation profiles with too small vertical extension to be detectable by weather radar. In a special experimental effort using arrays of MRRs we will attempt to track individual rain cells in order to observe the temporal development of drop size distributions within a rain cell. In addition, the transformation of drop size distributions on the fall path will be analyzed. These observations will provide a unique handle to assess the realism of spectral rain models and of their description of microphysical processes governing the formation of drop size distributions. This ambitious goal shall be achieved in a joint special observation period together with various synchronized auxiliary measurements as described in more detail in the work plan. In order to utilize the results for improved weather radar rainfall estimates, statistical or physically based relations will be searched between the finescale MRR observations and characteristic pattern features of simultaneously measured weather radar reflectivity fields, as analyzed in other AQUARADAR sub-projects.