Isospin Dependence of Nuclear Matter and Applications in Astrophysics and Nuclear Structure

人们对对称核物质进行了许多研究。然而，对不对称核物质的研究却很少。非对称物质的研究对于天体物理研究[1,2]和与富中子核有关的物理[3,4,5]具有重要意义。对与富中子核有关的物理学的兴趣只是最近的事情，因为过去关于非对称核的数据很少。然而，随着新一代高强度放射性束流设施的出现，这种情况正在发生变化，例如，计划在美利坚合众国建造的未来GSI设施和稀有同位素加速器（RIA）。在<s:1>宾根理论群中，使用波恩A势[6]，用相对论Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock方法研究了零温度下的非对称核物质。我们建议用改进的近似格式进一步改进非对称核物质的相对论Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock方法。此外，我们还提出利用新的不对称核物质编码的结果来研究一些应用。在天体物理学中，要研究的主题是中微子的平均自由程，对称能，以及状态方程（EOS）对体粘度的影响。在核物理领域，非对称核物质的旋量不稳定性和有限核的性质，如电荷半径和结合能，被提出进行研究。

There have been many studies of symmetric nuclear matter. Studies of asymmetric nuclear matter, however, are rare. The investigation of asymmetric matter is of importance for astrophysical studies [1,2] and for physics related to neutron-rich nuclei [3, 4, 5]. The interest for physics related to neutron-rich nuclei is only of recent date, because data for asymmetric nuclei were scarce in the past. However, this situation is changing with a new generation of high-intensity radioactive beam facilities, e.g. the future GSI facility and the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) planned in the United States of America (USA). In the Tübingen theory group asymmetric nuclear matter was studied at zero temperature in the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach using the Bonn A potential [6]. We suggest to further improve the work on the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach to asymmetric nuclear matter by refined approximation schemes. Furthermore, we propose to study some applications using the results from the new asymmetric nuclear matter code. In astrophysics, the topics to be investigated are the mean free path of neutrinos, the symmetry energy, and the influence of the equation of state (EOS) on the bulk viscosity. In the field of nuclear physics, spinodal instabilities in asymmetric nuclear matter, and the properties of finite nuclei, such as charge radii and binding energies, are proposed to be investigated.