Laryngeal mechanisms in speech production and perception: A cross-language study on F0 perturbation

我们研究了喉机制之间的相互作用，使用跨语言声学，声门电图（EEG）和知觉数据。本文最重要的成果是对东京日语爆破语态对比的语音描述。我们发现闭合发声在词的起始位置产生变化，但在词的中间位置保持不变。至关重要的是，以下元音的基本频率（F0）在很大程度上决定了两个爆破系列在单词起始位置上的区别。这些结果与正在经历类似发展的语言进行了比较。然后，我们研究了母语和非母语听众对日语发音差异的感知。我们在日语和法语听众中进行了使用合成刺激的实验。我们的研究结果表明，封闭性发声是两组听众的主要提示，但日语听众对F0的敏感性比法语听众强。首尔韩语在F0发展方面更先进，之前的研究也报道了语音质量的作用。我们记录了说韩语的人的脑电图数据，发现语音质量的实现是高度可变的。唯一的一致性是元音在吸气和吸气后比在fortis爆破音后呼吸更急促。总之，我们已经证明，虽然一些自动机制解释了喉音行为之间的相互作用，但喉音对比的产生和感知取决于个体差异以及语言特定因素，如语音结构和韵律背景。

We investigated the interplay between laryngeal mechanisms, using cross-linguistic acoustic, electroglottographic (EEG), and perceptual data.Our most important achievement is the phonetic description of the voicing contrast of plosives in Tokyo Japanese. We showed that closure voicing is variably produced in word-initial position but maintained in word-medial position. Crucially, fundamental frequency (F0) of the following vowel contributes largely to the distinction between the two plosive series in word-initial position. These results were compared with languages that are undergoing a similar development.We then examined the perception of the voicing contrast in Japanese by native and nonnative listeners. We conducted experiments using synthesized stimuli, with Japanese- and French-speaking listeners. Our results showed that closure voicing is the primary cue for both listener groups, but the sensitivity to F0 is stronger with Japanese than French listeners.Seoul Korean is more advanced in this F0 development, and previous studies also reported a role of voice quality. We recorded EEG data with Korean speakers and found highly variable realization of the voice quality. The only consistency is that vowel is breathier after aspirated and lenis than after fortis plosives.Altogether, we have demonstrated that while some automatic mechanisms explain the interplay between laryngeal behaviors, the production and perception of the laryngeal contrast depend on individual variability as well as language-specific factors, such as phonological structure and prosodic contexts.