SPP 1015: Systemdynamik und Langzeitverhalten von Fahrwerk, Gleis und Untergrund

优先项目“车辆、轨道和路基的系统动力学和长期行为”有助于更好地了解车辆和轨道的动态相互作用以及整个系统各组成部分的长期行为。最近遇到的铁路相关问题可能会通过本研究得到解决。到目前为止，方法是通过优化子系统来提高速度、牵引力和轴载荷。然而，整个系统显示出新的局限性：压载物和路基的沉降和破坏导致轨道恶化；车轮不规则磨损导致总负荷增加，乘客舒适度下降；钢轨和车轮的运行面损坏变得更加频繁。这项研究基于四个主要问题。本文通过实验研究了镇流器的非线性特性，并采用新的材料定律和多粒子计算机模型对其进行了模拟。轨道模型与路基的耦合用不同的方法定义。对轮轨接触区域发生的现象进行了数值和实验分析，并使用了移动列车上的“虚拟”测量装置。整个系统的动态模型被认为可以解释车轮多面化的现象。预计跨学科和基础研究将导致物理解释，随后将导致技术发展，这将保证持久的解决方案。

The priority programme "System Dynamics and Long-term Behaviour of Vehicle, Track and Subgrade" contributes to a better understanding of the dynamic interaction of vehicle and track and the long-term behaviour of the components of the entire system. Recently encountered railway-related problems may be solved as a result of this research. So far, the approach has been to increase speed, traction and axle-load by optimising sub-systems. However, the entire system has revealed new limitations: settlement and destruction of the ballast and the subgrade lead to deterioration of the track; irregular wear of the wheels cause an increase in overall load and deterioration of passengers' comfort; damage of the running surfaces of the rail and the wheel becomes more frequent. The research is based on four main issues. Non-linear behaviour of the ballast is investigated experimentally in laboratories and simulated by new material-laws and multi-particle computer models. The coupling of the track model and the subgrade is defined using various methods. Phenomena occurring in the contact area of wheel and rail are numerically and experimentally analysed, also by using a 'virtual' measurement device on the moving train. Dynamic models of the entire system are thought to explain the phenomenon of polygonalisation of the wheels. It is expected that the interdisciplinary and fundamental research will result in physical explanations and subsequently will lead to technical developments which will guarantee long-lasting solutions.