FOR 1097: Person Perception

人相关信息的有效分析和表征是人类社会感知面临的最重要挑战之一。例如，面孔告诉我们各种各样的社会相关信息，包括一个人的身份、情感、性别、年龄、种族背景或注意力的焦点。面部感知的认知模型承认这些感知的不同方面之间存在一定程度的功能独立性，每个方面都可能由刺激中不同类型的诊断信息介导。认知神经科学开始揭示面部感知背后的神经机制，但将这些数据与认知和社会心理学模型相结合的工作很少。目前的申请者已经开始成功地在这一综合观点上进行合作。在这个研究单位，我们结合了多层次的方法方法，以促进一个统一的理论的心理和神经基础的人的感知。在一个密切协调的研究项目中，我们研究了(1)基本的感知过程，(2)关于人的社会和情感信息的处理，以及(3)特定人群的人感知。研究先前脸部经验的短暂效应对脸部感知的认知模型特别有影响。虽然对启动和适应的研究正在形成有关面部感知各个方面的神经机制和表征的理论，但这两种现象之间的确切关系仍有待确定。一个高度相关的开放问题是面部学习——知觉和神经机制如何为最初不熟悉的面孔创造稳定的表征。声音承载着丰富的非语言社会信息，类似于面孔，但在过去却很少受到科学的关注。因此，当前的研究需要反映听觉人感知的重要性。来自面孔和声音的动态多模态信息经常结合在一起，形成我们对身份或社会群体成员（例如，性别、种族、地区）的感知。面孔和声音也可能是强烈的情绪刺激，即使在没有注意力的情况下也可能被处理。最后，由于人口结构的变化，老年人的感知和记忆在未来可能会变得更加普遍。本研究单位采用实验心理学、社会心理学和认知神经科学的一系列方法，以独特的方式整合认知和社会视角来调查人的感知。我们的最终目标是开发一个统一的帐户处理与人有关的社会信息在人类。

The efficient analysis and representation of person-related information is one of the most important challenges for human social perception. Faces, for instance, inform us about a large variety of socially relevant information including a persons identity, emotions, gender, age, ethnic background or focus of attention. Cognitive models of face perception acknowledge a degree of functional independence between these different aspects of perception, each of which may be mediated by different types of diagnostic information in the stimulus. Cognitive neuroscience is beginning to reveal the neural mechanisms that underlie face perception, but there has been little work on integrating those data with models from cognitive and social psychology. The present applicants have begun to successfully collaborate on this integrative view. In this Research Unit, we combine a multilevel methodological approach to promote a unified theory of the psychological and neural bases of person perception. In a closely coordinated research programme, we investigate (1) basic perceptual processes, (2) the processing of social and emotional information about people and (3) person perception in specific populations. Examining the transient effects of previous experience with faces has been particularly influential for cognitive models of face perception. While research on priming, and recently on adaptation, is shaping theories about the neural mechanisms and representations involved in various aspects of face perception, the precise relationship between these two phenomena remains to be determined. A highly relevant open issue is face learning - the question how perceptual and neural mechanisms create stable representations for initially unfamiliar faces. The voice - which carries a wealth of nonverbal social information similar to faces - has received little scientific attention in the past. Current research thus needs to reflect the importance of auditory person perception. Dynamic multimodal information from faces and voices is often combined to shape our perception of identity or social group membership (e.g., gender, ethnicity, region). Faces and voices also can be highly potent emotional stimuli, which may be processed even in the absence of attention. Finally, person perception and memory for elderly people may become more prevalent in the future as a result of demographic changes. This Research Unit integrates cognitive and social perspectives for investigating person perception in a unique manner, using a range of methods from experimental psychology, social psychology and the cognitive neurosciences. Our ultimate aim is to develop a unified account of the processing of person-related social information in humans.