Chemical contamination in Poland

在波兰采集的环境样品中，调查了多氯联苯、滴滴涕、六氯环己烷、氯仿和六氯苯等人造有机氯化合物造成的化学污染。结果显示，来自波兰南部煤矿和化工厂等工业化地区的土壤以及波兰北部造船厂附近收集的沿海沉积物中的多氯联苯浓度相对较高。据估计，多氯联苯被用作磨煤机械的化学试剂和船舶油漆的成分。此外，在位于波兰西北部的前苏联军事基地的土壤中发现了相对较高浓度的多氯联苯和滴滴涕。这些化合物也存在于波兰北部、西北部和南部的湖泊和池塘的沉积物样本中。结果表明，人造有机氯是波兰环境中普遍存在的环境污染物，为明确未知有机卤素化合物的存在，测定了波兰环境样品中已知有机卤素化合物在可提取有机卤素(EOX)中的贡献率。EOX的浓度大小顺序为：EOCI&GT>EOB_1&GT>EOI。据推测，海洋哺乳动物体内的EOX是通过波罗的海的海洋食物链积累的。在沉积物和生物样品中检测到的EOCI的大部分被不明化合物占据。有必要对波兰环境中EOX残留物中的个别化合物进行分析，以调查其来源并评估其对野生动物和生活在波兰的人们的影响。结论是，许多卤化化合物分布在波兰环境中，格但斯克湾和波罗的海沿海地区正在发生化学污染。

Chemical contamination caused by man-made organochlorine compounds such as PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, and HCB were investigated in environmental samples collected in Poland. The resuls showed that relatively high concentrations of PCBs were present in soils from industrialized areas such as coal mining and chemical factories located in southern Poland, and coastal sediments collected at near shipyards in northern Poland. It is estimated that PCBs were used as chemical agents for machinery of coal mincs and an ingredient for paint for ships. Additionally, relativery high concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were found in soils from a former Soviet army base located in northwest Poland. These compouns were also present in sediment samples from lakes and ponds located in north, northwest and south Poland. The results showed that man-made organochlorines are ubiquitous environmental pollutants in the Polish environment.In order to make clear the presence of unidentified organohalogen compouns, contribution percentage of indentified (known) organohalogen compounds in extractable organic halogen (EOX) were determined in the Polish environmental samples. The order of concentrations of EOX was EOCI>EOB_1>EOI.The concentrations of EOX in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were higher than those in the fish they eat. It is suggested that the EOX present in marine mammals is accumulated through the marine food chain of the Baltic Sea. The greater part of EOCI detected in sediment and biological samples was occupied by unidentified compouns. It is necessary to analyze individual compounds in EOX residue in Polish environment in order to investigate their sources and to evaluate the effects to wildlife and the people living in Poland.It is concluded that many halogenated compouns are spread over the Polish environment and that chemical pollution is occurring on the coastal areas of the Bay of Gdansk and the Baltic Sea.