Histochemical study on the relation of memory formation and protein synthesis in insect

该项目旨在阐明昆虫大脑中记忆形成与蛋白质合成之间的关系。我们用三种方法对这个问题进行了研究，并获得了一些基本的数据来阐明这个问题。然而，我们无法阐明问题本身。所得结果如下：1)研制了一种计算机辅助行为分析系统，用于估计昆虫的行为。利用该系统和一种新的现成的行为分析系统，对美洲大蠊的湿定位行为进行了调查，以获得湿度差学习估计的控制数据。多日不饮水的昆虫在高湿环境中停留的时间较长，其行为特征源于高湿环境中行走速度的降低和每行走距离角度变化的增加。顺便说一下，即使湿度环境改变，每次的角度变化也不会改变。2)为了了解蟑螂的学习能力，我们考察了蟑螂能否建立食物和气味之间的关联学习。结果，我们再次确认昆虫可以做到这一点，并且记忆被保存了很长时间。3)考虑到昆虫原脑中的蘑菇体参与了学习和记忆，我们对其输出和输入神经元的结构和形态特征进行了研究。结果发现，菌体在功能上可能是分区化的。例如，将嗅觉信息传递给原大脑的后脑输出神经元终止于蘑菇体花萼的边缘和中间区域。此外，我们还发现在花梗、α叶和β叶中形成了十几条规则带。这说明菌体存在功能分化。少

This project has been planned to elucidate the relationship between memory formation and protein synthesis in the insect brain. We investigated this problem with three methods and obtained some basic data for elucidation of the problem. However we could not elucidate the problem itself. The results obtained are as follows.1) We made a computer-assisted behavior analyzing system for estimation of the insect behavior. Using this system and a new ready-made behavior analyzing system, we investigated the hygro-location behavior of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana in order to obtain the control data for estimation of learning of humidity difference. The insect that had prohibited from drinking water for several days located in higher humidity environment and stayed for longer time in the environment, It was suggested that the behavioral characteristics were originated from two factors : decreasing walking velocity and increasing meander (angular change per walking distance) in the highe … More r humidity environment. By the way angular change per time did not change even if the humidity environment changed. 2) In order to know the ability of learning of the cockroach, we examined whether the cockroach could establish the associated learning between food and odor. In result we conformed again that the insect could do and the memory was held for long time. 3) As the mushroom body in the protocerebrum of insect was suggested to be involved in the learning and memory, we investigated its structure and morphological profiles of its output and input neurons. In result we found that the mushroom body might be functionally compartmentalized. For example, the output neurons of the deutocerebrum that conveyed olfactory information to the protocerebrum terminated in the marginal and intermediate areas of the calyx of the mushroom body. Furthermore we found that a dozen of regular bands were formed in the peduncle, alpha-lobe and beta-lobe. This fact suggested that there were functional differentiation in the mushroom body. Less