PALEOEOLOGY OF MARINE BENTHIC ANIMALS AS VIEWD FROM PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE (2000)

对改造、快速埋藏和其他物理干扰的适应是控制软底、悬浮摄食贝类生态和进化的主要因素。这些适应模式与海进-海退沉积旋回中的特定位置有关。因此，通过层序地层学和古生态学的观察，可以预测化石底栖动物在沉积旋回中的适应方式。利用这些方法，根据我自己的观察沿着查阅已发表的资料，重建了日本从三叠纪到全新世和近代的50多个含藻类的滨岸沉积物中双壳类化石的生境。这一结果很好地反映了双壳类栖息地向滨岸环境扩展和在滨岸环境中演化更替的漫长历史，三角类是中生代滨岸环境的主要居民。例如，较低的滨面环境是由一个trigoniid，Vaugonia居住在最早的侏罗纪。Nipponitrigonia可能是第一个双壳类，它大量出现在上滨沉积物中，并且发生在晚侏罗世或早白垩世。此外，venerids和glycyrids也出现在下滨面，但当时它们并没有扩展到上滨面，Veneridae和Mactridae的成员在晚白垩世至中新世之间的某个时间成功地在上滨面建立了它们的栖息地。特别是在日本北部的中新世，水蚤变得丰富，沿着还有其他具有各种生活方式的双壳类，如Cardiidae，Tellinidae，Solenidae和Hiatellidae的成员。

Adaptation to reworking, rapid burial and other physical disturbances is found to be a major control on the ecology and evolution of soft-bottom, suspension-feeding bivalves. These modes of adaptations are linked to specific position in transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles. Thus, we can predict the mode of adaptation of fossil benthos in the sedimentary cycles by sequence-stratigraphic and paleoecological observations. By using these methods, habitats of fossil bivalves were reconstructed for more than 50 fossiliferous shoreface sediments spanning from the Triassic to Holocene and Recent in Japan, based on my own observations along with examinations of published information. The results well outlined the long history of bivalve habitat expansion to shoreface environments and evolutionary replacement within this environment.Trigoniids were the chief inhabitants of shoreface in the Mesozoic. For example, lower shoreface environments were inhabited by a trigoniid, Vaugonia in the earliest Jurassic. Nipponitrigonia was probably the first bivalve, which appeared in abundance from upper shoreface sediments, and this occurred in the Late Jurassic or early Cretaceous. In addition, venerids and glycymeridids occurred in the lower shoreface, but they but did not expand into the upper shoreface at that time.Members of the Veneridae and Mactridae successfully established their habitats in the upper shoreface sometime between the Late Cretaceous and Miocene. Particularly mactrids became abundant in the Miocene of north Japan, along with other bivalves with various modes of life, such as members of the Cardiidae, Tellinidae, Solenidae and Hiatellidae.