Research and Development of New Portable Solar UV-B Radiometers

为了评估太阳UV-B辐射对人体的影响，最近设计了两台便携式太阳UV-B辐射计，该仪器具有体积小、重量轻、自由设置和测量准确的特点。一个辐射计被命名为东海SB-1，另一个被命名为东海SB-2。东海SB-I很薄，很小，体重30克，便携，可以自由放置在身体的任何部位。东海SB-2比东海SB-I更大更重，但它可以同时测量8个不同的位置。两者对UV-B光谱波长区和理想余弦曲线都有很好的响应。他们的校准现在正在检查中。在两台太阳UV-B辐射计的野外测试之前，测量了室外环境(包括混凝土、草地、沙子、土壤和雪)中的太阳UV-B辐射，并与太阳UV-A辐射进行了比较。所有的测量都是在150厘米的高度下进行的，大约是一个典型的日本成年人相对于太阳的六个方向的脸的高度：直接、头顶、正面、侧面、背面和向下。在四种室外环境(混凝土、草地、沙子和土壤)中，太阳UV-B和UV-A辐射在六个方向上的每个方向上都显示出相似的分布模式，尽管雪具有极高的反射率。太阳高度和指向太阳的方向被认为是防止太阳紫外线辐射的主要因素。

To evaluate the effects of solar UV-B radiation on the human body, two portable solar UV-B radiometers were recently designed to be compact, lightweight, free setting and accurate in measurement. One radiometer is named Tokai SB-i and the other Tokai SB-2. Tokai SB-i is thin, small, 30g in weight, portable and can be set freely on any area of the body. Tokai SB-2 is larger and heavier than Tokai SB-I, but it can be measure 8 different positions at the same time. Both have good response in regards to UV-B spectral wavelength region and ideal cosine curve. Their calibration is now under examination. Their performance test in outdoor environments will take place after the calibration is completed.Before field tests of the two solar UV-B radiometers, solar UV-B irradiance in outdoor environments (including concrete, grass, sand, soil, and snow) were measured compared to solar UV-A irradiance. All measurements were taken at a height of 150 cm, about the height of a typical Japanese adult's face with respect to six directions in relation to the sun : direct, overhead, front, side, back, and downward. Solar UV-B and UV-A irradiance in the four outdoor environments (concrete, grass, sand, and soil) show similar distribution patterns in each of the six directions, although snow gives extremely high reflection. Solar elevation and direction to the sun are considered to be major factors in protection from solar ultraviolet radiation.