Development and Evaluation of Material an Antiwear Additives for Fuels to Increase Antiwear Performance of Fuel Injection Pump for Automotives

轻循环油（LCO）与直馏轻柴油调合作汽车燃料，将是未来大量使用的燃料。柴油的典型特征是芳烃含量高、氧化安定性低。为了降低低十六烷值柴油中的芳烃含量，必须采用加氢裂化和苛刻条件下的加氢脱硫相结合的方法。在这种苛刻的精制过程中，一些具有良好润滑性的天然化合物也被除去，因此，应在含LCO的柴油中配制抗磨添加剂。研究了芳烃含量等燃料组成对抗磨添加剂性能的影响。此外，还研究了燃油的轻微劣化对抗磨性能的影响。正十六烷用作模型瓦斯油馏分。丁苯、甲基萘和四氢化萘被用作模型芳烃馏分。在研究工业柴油抗磨剂的基础上，选用硬脂酸和邻苯二酚作为模型抗磨剂。虽然硬脂酸和邻苯二酚在约10-20 ppm的非常低的浓度范围内表现出良好的抗磨性能，但硬脂酸显示出随浓度增加而急剧降低的磨损，邻苯二酚显示出随浓度逐渐降低的磨损。邻苯二酚在较低的浓度范围内表现出抗磨性能，当芳香族化合物掺混在正十六烷中时。芳烃的加入对硬脂酸的抗磨性能没有影响。本研究中使用的商业添加剂也显示出浓度降低，出现明显的磨损减少。模型燃料的轻微降解会对添加剂的抗磨性能产生不利影响。

A large amount of Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is going to be used in future by blending with straight-run light gas oil for automotive fuel. The typical characteristics of LCO are high aromatic content and low oxidation stability. In order to reduce aromatics in LCO that has low cetane number, both hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization in very sever conditions should be applied. In such sever refining process, some natural compounds bring good lubricity are also removed, therefore, antiwear additive should be formulated in the LCO-containing gas oil. Effect of fuel composition, such as aromatic content, on antiwear additive performance is studied. In addition, effect of slight degradation of fuel on the antiwear performance is also studied. n-Hexadecane is used as model gas oil fraction. Butylbenzene, methylnaphthalene, and tetralinare are used as model aromatic fractions. Stearic acid and catechol are used as model antiwear additive beside commercial antiwear additive for gas oil is also studied. Though both stearic acid and catechol exhibited good antiwear performance in very low concentration range of approximately 10-20 ppm, stearic acid showed drastic wear reduction with the increase in concentration and catechol showed gradual decrease of wear with concentration. Catechol showed antiwear performance in lower concentration range when aromatic compounds are blended in n-hexadecane. On the other hand, antiwear performance of stearic acid was not affected by blending of aromatics. The commercial additives, used in this study, also showed decrease in concentration where apparent wear reduction appeared. Slight degradation of model fuels showed harmful effect on antiwear performance of additive.