Studies on the origin of the Japanese based on the analysis of MVR-PCR alleles in asian populations

去年，我们获得了100个中国个体的DNA样本，并调查了D1 S8（MS 32）和D 7S 21（MS 31 A）基因座两侧三个多态位点的等位基因频率。将中国人的单倍型频率与已报道的日本人和高加索人的单倍型频率进行比较。中国人与日本人的单倍型分布无显著性差异，但与高加索人的单倍型分布有显著性差异。然后进行基于使用等位基因特异性PCR引物从总基因组DNA中选择性扩增单个等位基因的等位基因特异性MVR-PCR。虽然MVR-PCR等位基因编码具有高度多态性，但内部结构的相似性可以通过点矩阵分析来分析。此外，不同的等位基因可能有相关的侧翼单倍型，可能是由于共享最近的共同祖先。当通过点矩阵分析比对的MS 32等位基因或MS 31 A等位基因的组时，我们已经表明，高加索人、阿夫利坎黑人和日本人具有形成由几乎相同的片段组成的独特组的强烈倾向。在本研究中，我们发现中国人的等位基因往往与日本人的等位基因具有相同的基序，导致组中只包括日本人和中国人的等位基因。因此，利用MVR-PCR等位基因编码和侧翼单倍型，我们可以表明中国人的等位基因与日本人的等位基因有较好的相关性。D16 S309（MS 205）的等位基因作图也与日本的DNA标本。由于大多数等位基因的长度都很短，因此我们通常可以在该位点获得完整等位基因的MVR-PCR图谱。我们发现日本人的等位基因较短，其内部结构与高加索人有一定差异。并通过实际案例说明了MVR-PCR在亲子鉴定中的应用价值。

Last year, we could obtain DNA specimens of 100 Chinese individuals, and investigated the allele frequencies of three polymorphic sites in DNA flanking D1S8 (MS32) and D7S21 (MS31A) loci. Haplotype frequencies in Chinese were compared with those in Japanese and Caucasians which had been already reported. Distribution of haplotypes in Chinese is not significantly different from that in Japanese, but significantly different from that in Caucasian. Allele-specific MVR-PCR based on the selective amplification of single allele from total genomic DNA using allele-specific PCR primers was then performed. Although MVR-PCR allele codes are highly polymorphic, the similarity of the internal structure can be analysed by dot matrix analysis. Furthermore, different alleles can have related flanking haplotypes, presumably due to sharing recent common ancestors. When groups of aligned MS32 alleles or MS31A alleles were made by dot matrix analysis, we have already shown that Caucasian, Aflican black and Japanese have strong tendency to form unique groups composed of mostly the same spieces. In this study, we found that Chinese alleles often had the same motif as that of Japanese alleles resulting in the groups consist of only Japanese and Chinese alleles. Thus, using MVR-PCR allele codes and flanking haplotypes, we could show that Chinese alleles were chosely related to Japanese alleles. Allele mapping of D16S309 (MS205) was also performed with Japanese DNA specimens. We can usually obtain MVR-PCR maps of whole alleles at this locus because the length of the most alleles is short. We found that Japanese had rather short alleles, and their internal structures were somewhat diffrenent from those of Caucasians. We also showed the usufullness of MVR-PCR mapping for paternity testings using practical cases.