Agroforestry Pollinator Plantations

气候变化给所有植物和土壤带来了具体的挑战：\*总体平均气温升高\*风暴期间风速增加\*降雨的季节性变化导致冬季更湿，夏季更干燥\*干旱的严重程度和频率增加\*新的病虫害迁移和出现/定植。目前缺乏为未来种植树木的指导，而且种植存量不足。这些都是农林业中传粉的乔灌木物种所特有的问题。了解气候变化的相互作用，并将这些知识与气候压力如何影响新树种结合起来，将使我们能够回答一些关键问题：1\；使用“最佳情况”、“中间情况”和“最坏情况”三种预测的平均温度，以及固有的相关影响，我们将确定哪些已经在英国生长的对传粉者有益的树木和灌木物种，在未来仍将适用于这些类别。目前传粉者所依赖的许多本地树种和灌木可能会消失。我们将确定新的物种（评估为对生物多样性无害），能够维持传粉者，具有病虫害抗性，并提供农林业产品，如药物，植物化学物质，食品，油，综合虫害管理。我们的解决方案是为成功的植树提供指导：在混交林中为农林业种植的“农林传粉者种植园”（APP）将在气候变化下为传粉者提供饲料和支持，同时也有利于农业用地和邻近作物。农林业将大气中的碳深埋地下，保护农田免受极端事件的影响。我们对树种性能的知识研究建议和研究成果将：A：为苗圃提供权威指导，选择具有不同基因库的“正确”乔灌木物种，为未来的农林业提供在气候变化和疾病中生存的进化潜力；B：使苗圃和农林业顾问能够提供深入的建议和设计应用程序，以减轻上述挑战，对作物、牲畜和种植园附近的表层土壤都有利。我们很高兴与森林研究和土壤协会合作，通过一个新的网站免费传播顶级研究和建议，为种植面向未来的、支持传粉者的农林业物种提供可靠的指导。我们将开始大规模繁殖合适的树木和灌木。随着气候变化引起的一些问题通过可持续农林业得到解决，我们相信了解哪些物种可以在气候变化中生存将保护多种生态系统服务，并且是保护传粉者的关键，这反过来又将维持所有由昆虫授粉的植物物种。

Climate change presents specific challenges for all plants and soil:\*Higher overall average temperatures\*Increased wind speeds during storms\*Seasonal shifts in rainfall resulting in wetter winters and drier summers\*Increasing drought severity and frequency\*New pest and disease migration and emergence/colonisation.Currently there is a dearth of guidance on planting trees for the future, and shortages of planting stock. These are particular problems for pollinator tree/shrub species in agroforestry. Understanding climate change interactions and amalgamating this knowledge with how climate stress will affect novel tree species will enable us to answer some crucial questions:1\. Using three projected average temperatures categorised as 'best case', 'mid case' and 'worst case' scenarios with inherent associated effects, we will identify which tree and shrub species beneficial to pollinators, already growing in the UK, will still be suitable in the UK into the future for the categories.2\. Many native tree and shrub species currently relied on by pollinators may be lost.We will identify novel species (assessed as non-harmful to biodiversity) able tosustain pollinators, possess pest and disease-resistance, and provideagroforestry products such as medicine, phytochemicals, food, oils, integrated pest management.Our solution is to provide guidance on successful tree planting: 'Agroforestry Pollinator Plantations' (APP's) grown for agroforestry in mixed stands will provide forage and support for pollinators under climate change, whilst also benefiting agricultural land and adjacent crops. Agroforestry pumps atmospheric carbon deep underground and protects farmland from extreme events.Our knowledge-research proposal and outcomes from this research into tree species' performance will:A: Provide authoritative guidance for nurseries on the 'right' tree and shrub species with diverse gene-pools with evolutionary potential to survive climate change and diseases for future agroforestry;B: Enable nurseries and agroforestry consultants to provide in-depth advice and design of APPs configured to mitigate the challenges summarised above, mutuallybeneficial to crops, livestock and top-soils adjacent to plantations.We are delighted to partner Forest Research and the Soil Association for top-level research and advice to be disseminated freely via a new website, providing reliable guidance for growing future-proof, pollinator-supporting species for agroforestry. We will begin large-scale propagation of appropriate trees and shrubs.With some of the problems caused by climate change addressed through sustainable agroforestry, we believe understanding which species may survive climate change will protect multiple ecosystem services, and is key to protecting pollinators, which in turn will sustain all plant species pollinated by insects.