Innovative Personal Monitoring Approaches to Characterize Ultrafine and Fine Particulate Matter and Respiratory Health Effects

项目总结/摘要 来自实验毒理学研究的证据表明，超细颗粒（UFP）发挥了重要作用 在颗粒物（PM）呼吸毒性，因为它们的高潜力，运输有毒物质通过大 数浓度和每单位质量的大表面积相比，较大的颗粒，包括 PM2.5。然而，UFP比较大颗粒物带来更大的呼吸道健康风险的理论并没有 在流行病学环境中得到验证。专家们指出了以前UFP研究的局限性， 包括缺乏同时暴露于其他环境污染物的数据， 通过使用诸如固定地点监测器或与道路的距离等替代物来表征暴露， 这些研究中使用的暴露指标没有提供关于PM会有多少的信息， 被吸入肺部拟议的研究旨在改进评估UFP暴露的方法 通过解决以前的研究空白，进行呼吸系统健康影响研究。拟议的项目小组 方法是评估UFP和其他可能混淆UFP的共污染物的同时暴露， 肺功能与哮喘青少年的关系，进行个人水平的时空评估 每个UFP和PM2.5的可变性，并应用考虑PM生理过程的吸入PM剂量 摄入和接触肺部，以初步确定受影响的肺功能变化程度 来自共污染物的UFP暴露。我们将采用新的暴露评估方法， 可穿戴PM传感器、生物识别传感器和移动的数据收集工具的创新集成， 高质量的暴露数据集，可以描述UFP对其他共同污染物的影响。这 这种方法是必不可少的，因为传统的使用中央固定站点数据或外部暴露的方法 浓度数据并不提供关于被吸入的污染物的量的信息。 个体，它大大低估了呼吸反应，因为暴露。这 拟议的工作将通过告知研究设计和方法， 产生可靠的个人暴露于多种污染物的数据，并提供有关 不同粒径的PM和其他污染物对肺功能的不同和联合影响， 创新的曝光指标。随着对UFP呼吸影响的了解的增加， 指导未来的环境卫生政策、空气污染管理战略和控制技术， 以及干预和临床监测，以减轻哮喘的负担。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Evidence from experimental toxicology studies suggests that ultrafine particles (UFP) play a significant role in particulate matter (PM) respiratory toxicity because of their high potential to transport toxicants via a large number concentration and a large surface area per unit mass as compared with larger particles, including PM2.5. However, the theory that UFPs confer greater respiratory health risks than larger particles has not been validated in epidemiological settings. Experts identified the limitations of previous UFP studies, including the absence of data for concurrent exposures to other ambient pollutants, the error in characterizing exposure by using proxies such as fixed-site monitors or distance from roadways, and by exposure metrics used in those studies that did not provide information about how much PM would have been inhaled into the lungs. The proposed study intends to improve the method to assess UFPs exposures for respiratory health effect studies by addressing previous research gaps. The proposed Project Team's approach is to assess concurrent exposures to UFPs and other co-pollutants that can confound the UFP– lung function relationship for asthmatic adolescents, conduct a person-level assessment of spatio-temporal variability for each UFP and PM2.5, and apply inhaled PM doses that account for physiological process of PM intake and contact with the lungs to preliminarily determine the degree of lung function changes affected by UFP exposure from co-pollutants. We will apply novel exposure assessment approaches enabled by our innovative integration of wearable PM sensors, biometric sensors, and mobile data collection tool to produce high-quality exposure data sets that can delineate the effects of UFPs from other co-pollutants. This approach is essential because the traditional approach of using central fixed-site data or external exposure concentration data does not provide information about the amounts of contaminants that are inhaled by individuals, and it significantly underestimates the respiratory responses because of the exposures. This proposed effort will form the foundation of future work by informing of the study design and approaches to produce robust personal exposure data to multiple pollutants and by providing preliminary data regarding the distinct and joint effects of varying size fractions of PM and other pollutants on lung function by using innovative exposure metrics. Increased knowledge about the respiratory effects from UFPs will subsequently guide future environmental health policies, air pollution management strategies and control technologies, and interventions and clinical monitoring to reduce the burden of asthma.