Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of combinations of e-cigarettes and tobacco carcinogens in mouse oral tissues

该项目旨在确定使用电子烟是否会增加患癌症的风险， 口腔，特别是当与烟草烟雾致癌物结合时。这项研究将服务于 作为香烟和电子烟使用者（双重使用者）的鼠模型。由于电子烟只在他的国家中流行， 在过去的十年中，癌症发生了几十年，没有足够的时间进行任何研究。 流行病学的证据然而，电子烟目前正被数百万人使用， 这些人中有许多人也是吸烟者。此外，其他戒烟者可能已经 口腔和其他器官中含有癌前病变或癌细胞。拟议的研究将调查 电子烟气溶胶、烟草致癌物及其组合对与以下方面相关的若干结果的影响 致癌作用.将纳入仅尼古丁对照。结果包括DNA损伤、突变 以及药物代谢和细胞周期中关键基因和途径表达的变化。的使用 联合使用的目的是研究电子烟可能的致癌或促进作用。口腔是一个主要的 至于电子烟的潜在致癌作用， 在这些网站上曝光。这项研究的结果很可能是重要和及时的，因为对 电子烟的潜在致癌作用无法在人类身上进行研究，但公众越来越多地使用电子烟， 香烟。

This is project is designed to determine whether the use of e-cigarettes (e-cigs) increases the risk for cancer of the oral cavity, especially when combined with tobacco smoke carcinogens. The proposed research will serve as a murine model for users of cigarettes and e-cigs (dual users). As e-cigs have only become popular wi t h i n the last decade and carcinogenesis occurs over decades, there has not been sufficient time for any epidemiological evidence one way or another. Yet e-cigs are currently being used by millions of individuals, and many of the same individuals are also tobacco smokers. In addition, others who are ex-smokers may already harbor precancer or cancer cells in the mouth, and other organs. The proposed research will investigate the effects of e-cig aerosol, tobacco carcinogens and their combinations on several outcomes relevant to carcinogenesis. . A nicotine-only control will be included. The outcomes consist of DNA damage, mutagenesis and changes in expression of critical genes and pathways in drug metabolism and the cell cycle. The use of the combination is to investigate possible cocarcinogenic or promoting effects of E-cigs. The oral cavity is a major site of exposure to e-cigs and there have been few if any reports on the potential carcinogenic effects of e-cig exposure on these sites. The results of this study are likely important and timely, as the experiments on the potential carcinogenic effects of the e-cigs cannot be studied in humans, yet the public is increasingly using e- cigs.