Antecedents and Consequences of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Underrepresented Youth

项目摘要/摘要 针对NIMHD的新冠肺炎相关NOSI(NOT-MD-20-019)，这一紧急竞争修订申请建议在我们正在进行的以青少年使用电子烟/电子烟为重点的纵向研究中补充数据收集，题为《电子尼古丁传递系统的前因后果》(ACE项目，U54MD012393[子项目-5378]，项目期间：09/20/17-06/30/22)。ACE项目的主要目标是描述与Ends使用开始、升级以及在以西班牙裔青年为重点的大脑发育的背景下潜在地转向其他药物(例如大麻)相关的风险和保护因素。拟议工作的总体目标是利用ACE项目的研究基础设施来确定影响药物使用(SU)、心理健康(MH)和神经生物学结果的个人、社会和神经生物学风险/保护因素的新冠肺炎经历，这些因素来自美国国立卫生研究院指定的健康差距人群。证据表明，灾害，包括与健康有关的灾害，会影响青年和成年人的SU和MH结果，而灾后结果取决于与灾害经历、先前存在的个人特征、社会影响和潜在的神经生物学有关的风险和保护因素的组合。阐明这种风险和保护因素的研究对于确定可修改的干预目标以减轻不利后果很重要，但这种洞察力取决于能否获得灾前参与者的特征。通过ACE项目，我们保存了从青少年及其照顾者(N=264，年龄：13-17岁，85%是西班牙裔)收集的流行病前数据，这些数据表征了人格特征、社会背景和功能磁共振测量(n=165的子集)。ACE项目还将在大流行后的时间点评估这些措施。目前的工作将用一系列临时在线评估补充ACE项目大流行前/大流行后的纵向数据集，提供新冠肺炎经验的详细特征以及SU和MH轨迹。这项拟议工作的不同方面包括：利用正在收集的大流行前/大流行后纵向数据集的能力；我们对蒸发、末端和大麻使用的重视(与新冠肺炎的传播和肺部后果等问题相关)；对特定神经生物学机制(纹状体、杏仁核、脑岛)的理论了解的重点；我们的参与者队列(主要是西班牙裔/拉丁裔，一生中SU的水平相当高)；以及我们以前在正在进行的纵向研究背景下进行的与灾害有关的研究。该项目将提供对与SU和MH相关的健康后果的新冠肺炎表现的洞察，以及对可能赋予对此类变化的韧性/脆弱性的行为和神经生物学机制的洞察。我们专注于低收入家庭和少数族裔家庭，在这些家庭中，与新冠肺炎相关的财务、工作、学校和健康方面的担忧可能会加剧。通过利用现有数据和基础设施，我们可以以适度的预算和较低的家庭负担编制丰富的新冠肺炎相关数据集。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This urgent competitive revision application in response to NIMHD’s COVID-19-related NOSI (NOT-MD-20-019) proposes supplemental data collection within our ongoing longitudinal study focused on teen vaping/e-cigarette use entitled Antecedents and Consequences of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) among Underrepresented Youth (the ACE project, U54MD012393 [subproject-5378], project period: 09/20/17 – 06/30/22). The ACE project’s primary goals are to delineate risk and protective factors linked with ENDS use initiation, escalation, and the potential shift to other drugs (e.g., cannabis) in the context of the developing brain with a focus on Hispanic youth. The overall objective of the proposed work is to leverage the ACE project’s research infrastructure to identify COVID-19 experiences that influence individual, social, and neurobiological risk/protective factors for substance use (SU), mental health (MH), and neurobiological outcomes among participants from a NIH-designated health disparity population. Evidence indicates that disasters, including health-related ones, affect SU and MH outcomes among youth and adults, and that post-disaster outcomes are dependent on a combination of risk and protective factors related to the disaster experience, preexisting individual characteristics, social influences, and underlying neurobiology. Research elucidating such risk and protective factors is important for identifying modifiable intervention targets to mitigate adverse outcomes, but such insight is contingent on having access to pre-disaster participant characterization. Through the ACE project we hold pre-pandemic data collected from adolescents and their caregivers (N=264, age: 13-17 years, 85% Hispanic) characterizing personality traits, social contexts, and fMRI measures (in a subset of n=165). The ACE project will also assess these measures at a post-pandemic time point. The current work will supplement the ACE project’s pre/post-pandemic longitudinal dataset with a series of interim online assessments providing detailed characterization of COVID-19 experiences, as well as SU and MH trajectories. The differentiating aspects of this proposed work include: the ability to leverage a pre/post-pandemic longitudinal dataset being collected, our emphasis on vaping, ENDS, and cannabis use (relevant to COVID-19 issues such as transmission and pulmonary consequences), a theoretically-informed focus on specific neurobiological mechanisms (striatum, amygdala, insula), our participant cohort (predominately Hispanic/Latinx, with appreciable pre-pandemic levels of lifetime SU), and our previous disaster-related research in the context of an ongoing longitudinal study. This project will provide insight into COVID-19 manifestations on health outcomes related to SU and MH, as well as insight into behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that may confer resilience/vulnerability to such changes. We focus on individuals from lower income and minority households where COVID-19-related financial, work, school, and health worries are likely elevated. By leveraging existing data and infrastructure, we can compile a rich COVID-19-related dataset with a modest budget and low burden to families.