Advancing measurement and scoring methods for testing mediation models of substance use

项目摘要/摘要 对物质使用代际传递的研究试图确定不同的机制或 将父母药物使用这一公认的危险因素与青少年药物使用联系起来的中介者。 与父母相关的调解人使用多个告密者数据进行衡量，这允许全面 对行为的评估，并减少来自任何单一记者的偏见。然而，目前的分析方法 中介模型中的多个告密者数据不会分离存在于 多个告密者评级，这意味着每个父母唯一的差异与 父级之间普遍存在的差异。因此，对中介效应的估计变得有偏见， 并且由一个差异来源(例如，父母之间的共同行为)引起的影响可以是 错误地归因于不同的差异来源(例如，特定于母亲的行为)。因此，我们的 对代际进程和设计有效预防干预措施的能力的了解有限。 为了解决这些局限性，可以使用最近开发的心理测量学模型--三因素模型(TFM 理清存在于多个告密者数据中的差异来源，从而实现更准确的估计 以及关于代际过程的更有效和更具体的实质性结论 在那里。TFM将多个告密者数据中的差异来源分为三个独立的级别：a 代表记者之间共同可变性的共同因素，代表 变异性对于每个报告者而言是唯一的，以及表示因使用 一样的东西。尽管TFM的潜力很大，但这一模式尚未在调解中进行评估 模型，也不能与现有的方法进行比较。此外，该模型很复杂，大多数应用程序都会 需要潜在变量得分才能减少参数的数量，但有一些 为这一模式获得分数的挑战将需要解决。为了扩展 对于TFM的适用性，拟议的研究将(1)推导出具有TFM的单中介模型和 (2)将TFM扩展到并行调解 建立和发展因子计分方法，以及(3)将新的TFM方法应用于实证数据以检验 父母监督作为物质使用代际传播的中介。当前的NRSA 提案提出了一种对TFM的新颖扩展，以便它可以用来揭示 导致青少年使用药物。此外，这项研究金将提供所需的关键培训，以建立 申请人在为青少年研究开发量化方法方面的独立研究计划 通过在统计调解、基于家庭的药物使用模式方面的培训， 预防科学和研究传播。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Research on the intergenerational transmission of substance use seeks to identify the various mechanisms or mediators which connect parental substance use, an established risk factor, to adolescent substance use. Parent-related mediators are measured using multiple informant data, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of behaviors and reduces bias from any single reporter. However, current methods for analyzing multiple informant data in mediation models do not separate the different sources of variance present in multiple informant ratings, meaning that the variance that is unique to each parent is confounded with the variance that is common across both parents. As a result, the estimates for mediated effects become biased, and effects that are caused by one source of variance (e.g., the common behaviors between parents) may be misattributed to a different source of variance (e.g., maternal-specific behaviors). As a consequence, our understanding of intergenerational processes and ability to design effective preventive interventions is limited. To address these limitations, a recently developed psychometric model, the trifactor model (TFM) can be used to disentangle the sources of variance present in multiple informant data, allowing for more accurate estimates of mediated effects, and more valid and specific substantive conclusions about the intergenerational processes therein. The TFM separates the sources of variance in multiple informant data into three independent levels: a common factor representing the shared variability across reporters, the perspective factors representing the variability unique to each reporter, and the specific factors representing variance arising from the use of the same items. Despite the great potential of the TFM, this model has not yet been evaluated within a mediation model, nor compared to current methods. Moreover, this model is complex and most applications would require latent variable scores in order to reduce the number of parameters, but there are a number of challenges to obtaining scores for this model that would need to be addressed. In order to expand the applicability of the TFM, the proposed research will (1) derive a single mediator model with the TFM and compare performance to traditional multiple-informant methods, (2) extend the TFM to parallel mediation model and develop factor scoring approaches, and (3) Apply novel TFM methods to empirical data to examine parental monitoring as a mediator for the intergenerational transmission of substance use. The current NRSA proposal presents a novel expansion of the TFM so that it may be used to uncover specific mechanisms that lead to adolescent substance use. Further, this fellowship will provide the crucial training needed to establish this applicant's independent research program in developing quantitative methods for the study of adolescent substance use and prevention through training in statistical mediation, family-based models of substance use, prevention science, and research dissemination.