Zero-Emission Multi-Fuel Station (ZEMFS) for Hydrogen and Electric Small Craft

1940年5月26日至6月4日，作为“发电机行动”的一部分，“敦刻尔克小船”由大约850艘私人船只组成，从英国拉姆斯盖特开往法国敦刻尔克，帮助营救了二战期间被困在敦刻尔克海滩上的33.6万多名英国和法国士兵。这体现了小型船只对英国海洋沿海工业的重要性，因为它被水包围。2019年，英国有5911艘注册渔船，80%的英国船队由10米以下的船只组成。24米以上的船只仅占4%。大约有12000名渔民在英国注册的渔船上工作，其中43%的渔船在英格兰，42%的渔船在苏格兰。根据国际海事组织第四次温室气体研究，水运占欧盟温室气体排放量的13%，上升了9.8%。2020年，英国国际航运燃料的排放量估计为610万吨二氧化碳当量，比2019年的水平下降了17.8%。这是自1990年开始进行这些估计以来第二低的年度数字，原因是2019冠状病毒病大流行开始后航运量大幅下降。到2020年，24%的温室气体净排放量来自运输部门，占97.2亿吨二氧化碳。有几种替代燃料可以使英国航运业脱碳，即氢、氨、甲醇、电力和可能的其他燃料。氢是英国最近的可持续燃料，拥有广阔的近海和沿海土地，可以从风能、太阳能和海浪中提供能源。为了使水上小型船只的操作脱碳，必须解决以下问题。船上储存氢气和氨气的安全性。零碳燃料（LH2）或（LNH3）的持续可用性。船东转换为零碳燃料的意愿本研究将导致零排放多燃料站（ZEMFS）的发展，该站使用单一液态氢（LH2）来源，在港口或港口提供液态氢（LH2），压缩气体氢（CGH2）和充电选项的零排放燃料。Unitrove提议在英国所有港口安装该设施，并有望在2025年3月投入运营。附加价值是ZEMFS可以为服务于港口/港口的hgv提供燃料；进一步减少温室气体的影响。

The Little Ships of Dunkirk were about 850 private boats that sailed from Ramsgate, England, to Dunkirk, France, between May 26 and June 4, 1940, as part of Operation Dynamo, helping to rescue more than 336,000 British and French soldiers who were trapped on the beaches at Dunkirk during the Second World War. This epitomised the importance of small craft to the marine coastal industry in the UK as it is surrounded by waters.In 2019 there are 5911 UK registered fishing vessels and 80% of the UK fleet is made up of vessels of under 10 metres. Vessels over 24 metres account for just 4%. Around 12,000 fishers work in the UK registered vessels and 43% vessels are in England and around 42% from Scottish vessels.Waterborne transport accounts for 13% of GHG emissions in the EU and 9.8% rise according to the 4th IMO GHG study. Emissions from UK international shipping bunkers were estimated to be 6.1 MtCO2e in 2020, a decrease of 17.8% from the 2019 level. This is the second lowest annual figure since these estimates began in 1990 and was due to the large fall in shipping traffic that occurred following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, 24% of net GHG emissions are from the transport sector which accounted for 97.2MtCO2.There are several alternative fuels to enable the decarbonisation of UK shipping, namely hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, electric and possibly others. Hydrogen is the nearest sustainable fuel in the UK with vast offshore and coastal land providing energy from wind, solar and waves.To decarbonise the operation of waterborne small crafts, the following had to be addressed.1. The safety of storage of hydrogen and ammonia onboard vessels2. The continuous availability of zero carbon fuel for bunkering (LH2) or (LNH3)3. The willingness of vessel owner to convert to zero-carbon fuelsThis study will lead to the development of a Zero-Emission Multi-Fuel Station (ZEMFS) that uses a single source of liquid hydrogen (LH2), to provide zero-emission fuelling of Liquid hydrogen (LH2), compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) and electric charging options, at the port or harbour.Unitrove proposed to install the facility at all UK ports and harbours and hopefully to be operational by March 2025\. The added value is that ZEMFS can fuel HGVs that serve the ports/harbour; further reducing the impact of GHG.