OCEAN CITIZEN: Marine forest coastal restoration: an underwater gardening socio-ecological plan

在爱知目标和大多数2020年良好环境状况目标未能实现之后，主动恢复已经出现（欧盟也设想），作为可能促进海洋保护区和其他保护措施后续发展的首选工具之一。恢复行动促进生物多样性，加强碳固存，加快沿海和近海恢复力。然而，我们仍然缺乏一个将保护和修复结合在一个统一的环境下的项目，作为当地公民的参与，将社会经济参数纳入机会。因此，一个先进的修复计划必须将生态观点与社会承诺和当地社区明确的经济效益结合起来。最重要的是，它的设计必须在项目的生命周期之外具有连续性。针对上述情况，OCEAN CITIZEN的提案代表了一种新颖的修复方法，其中(1)将修复描述为一个拥有无处不在的属性的工具箱，并在3个地点体验，代表不同的海洋生态系统（在其中一个地点所有工具都被协同使用）和不同的环境：亚热带、热带和寒温带；(2)创建并认可“海上园丁”职业，包括详细的课程设置；(3)该项目旨在恢复最被忽视的海洋生物群落，包括各种类型的海洋森林（MF）生物（海草、海藻、海绵、珊瑚、柳珊瑚等）；(4)应用新的生态工程技术，包括综合多营养水产养殖和智能增强型珊瑚礁（SER）；SERs是MF生物大规模招募和移植的基质(5)，在陆地上和原位进行，从浅层，中深水到大陆架区域（90-100米深）；(6)碳封存和碳汇的新方法(7)公民和地方利益相关者充分参与一个完整的商业计划。没有项目总结。

Following the non-achievement of the AICHI targets and most of the Good Environmental Status objectives for 2020, active restoration has been emerged (also envisaged by the EU) as one of the preferred tools that may boost sequels of marine protected areas and other conservation measures. Restoration acts promote biodiversity, enhance carbon sequestration and accelerate coastal and offshore resilience. Yet, we still lack a program that combines conservation and restoration under a unified setting, as the involvement of local citizen, embracing socio-economic parameters into opportunities. Thus, an advanced restoration program must conjoin ecological perspectives together with societal commitment and clear economic benefits for local communities. Above all, it must be designed with continuity beyond the lifespan of a project. Responding to the above, OCEAN CITIZEN proposal represent a novel restoration approach in which (1) restoration is depicted as a toolbox holding ubiquitous properties and as such it is experienced in 3 sites, representing different marine ecosystems (in one of the sites all tools are used in concert) and different environments: subtropical, tropical and cold temperate; (2) a profession of “gardeners of the sea” is created and endorsed, including detailed curriculum; (3) the project targets the restoration of the most neglected marine biome, encompassing the various types of Marine Forest (MF) organisms (seagrasses, seaweeds, sponges, corals, gorgonians, etc.);(4) new ecoengineering aspects are applied, including Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture and Smart Enhanced Reefs (SER); the SERs act as substrates for massive recruitment and transplantation of MF organisms (5) the is performed on land, and in situ, from shallow, mesophotic to continental shelf areas (to 90-100 meters depth); (6) a novel approach for C sequestering and sink (7) the full involvement of citizens and local stakeholders with a complete business plan.no project summary.