SOLARIS : Strengthening democratic engagement through value based generative adversarial networks

生成性对抗网络(GANS)是一类能够创建类似于音频和视频的媒体内容的人工智能模型。尽管生成性对抗网络有不同的应用领域--例如音频-图形制作、人机交互、讽刺、艺术创意表达--但它们当前和预测的误导性用途同样众多和令人担忧。人们主要担心的是所谓的“深度假”，即以极高的精度模拟真实事件的虚假图像或视频。如果对一张脸进行训练，GANcan会让它移动并以一种超逼真的方式说话。这项技术构成了一个紧迫的政治威胁，因为甘斯可能被--而且已经被--用来传播假新闻和虚假信息。这对民主治理和监管提出了一个紧迫的挑战：提高甘氏的问责制、透明度和可信度。然而，GANS也是一个机会，可以加强民主意识，扩大积极和包容的公民身份。Solaris通过两种方式应对这些挑战。一方面，我们分析与这些技术相关的政治风险，以防止对欧盟民主国家的负面影响。因此，SOLARIS将建立监管创新，以检测和缓解深度虚假风险。另一方面，我们评估加纳政府为重振公民的民主参与所带来的机会。我们将共同创建以公民科学为基础、以价值为基础的GANS内容，以加强民主参与。Solaris涉及三个用例：第一个用例旨在了解甘受信任的心理方面。第二种是模拟威胁甘斯内容在社交媒体上的传播，以检测风险并设计缓解策略。第三个共同创建基于价值的GANS内容，以提高对关键的全球民主主题(例如：气候变化、性别层面、人类移民)的认识，最终增强积极和包容的数字公民身份。

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a class of AI models able to create media contents – audio and video – resembling reality.Although there are different promising areas of application of GANs – e.g. audio-graphic productions, human-computer interactions,satire, artistic creative expression – their current and foreseen misleading uses are just as numerous and worrying. The main concern isrelated to the so-called “deepfakes”, fake images or videos simulating real events with extreme precision. If trained on a face, GANscan make it move and speak in a hyper-realistic way. This technology poses an urgent political threat since GANs could be – and havealready been – used to spread fake news and disinformation. This raises an urgent challenge to democratic governance and regulation:to improve GANs accountability, transparency, and trustworthiness. Nevertheless, GANs also constitute an opportunity to enhancedemocratic awareness and expand active and inclusive citizenship. SOLARIS reacts to these challenges in two ways. On the one hand,we analyse political risks associated with these technologies, to prevent negative implications for EU democracies. As a result, SOLARISwill establish regulatory innovations to detect and mitigate deepfake risks. On the other hand, we assess the opportunities raised by GANsfor reinvigorating the democratic engagement of citizens. We will co-create, involving citizen science, value-based GANs contents toenhance democratic engagement. SOLARIS involves three use cases: the first aims at understanding the psychological aspects of GANsperceived trustworthiness. The second simulates the circulation of threatening GANs contents on social media, to detect risks and designmitigation strategies. The third co-creates value-based GANs contents to boost awareness on key global democratic topics (e.g: climatechange, gender dimension, human migration), to ultimately enhance active and inclusive digital citizenship.