An Effective MRV solution for Peatlands using an Integrated Ratified EO Solution (EMPIRES)

英国大约12%的土地被泥炭地覆盖，近300万公顷。泥炭地是碳的天然储存，但几个世纪的开采，特别是为了种植森林或种植作物而排放泥炭，导致了破坏和退化，这意味着它们现在是英国温室气体（GHG）排放的净来源，总体而言，正在以与英国所有工业相同的速度失去被隔离的泥炭。这些泥炭地的恢复将有助于英国实现其雄心勃勃的目标，即到2035年将排放量减少78%，但资助恢复项目是一项昂贵的业务。显然，如果没有私人投资的大力支持，包括通过对碳市场的可能投资，就无法实现这些目标。这是全球公认的，也是巴黎协定第6条的核心机制，是COP 26的一个关键议题。需要解决的一个关键问题是如何衡量泥炭地的碳损失。在这个项目中，我们利用一些独立的科学进步，开发一个综合的，强大的，低成本的解决方案来测量泥炭地的碳损失，能够吸引大规模的私人投资，并可以帮助政府充分利用泥炭地，实现他们自己的目标，实现净零。在健康的泥炭地，地面对水和气量的变化作出季节性的反应，即上升和下降，这种现象称为“沼泽呼吸”。Terra Motion Limited是诺丁汉大学的一家衍生公司，他们开发了一种新技术，利用免费的卫星雷达数据，在地方、地区和国家范围内测量泥炭地的运动，精度达到毫米级。由诺丁汉大学和自然苏格兰大学资助的瑟索环境研究所领导的正在进行的研究最近显示了他们的APSIS陆地运动产品在监测泥炭地状况方面的巨大潜力。英国生态和水文中心已经确定了地下水位深度在推动排放方面的关键作用，并制定了削减-边缘仪器，可以放置在沼泽的关键位置，可以远程和准确地报告水位。通过明智地整合这些技术，EMPIRES项目将展示一个碳MRV系统，该系统将提高泥炭地恢复的可信度、信心和吸收率，并改善碳固存。

Around 12% of land in the UK is covered by peatlands -- nearly three million hectares. Peatlands are a natural store of carbon but centuries of exploitation, particularly draining the peat to plant forests or grow crops, have led to damage and degradation, meaning that they are now a net source of UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, taken as a whole, are losing sequestered peat at a rate equal to that of all UK industry, excepting energy.Restoration of these peatlands would help the UK to meet its ambitious targets to reduce its emissions by 78% by 2035, but funding restoration projects is an expensive business. It is clear that targets will not be met without the considerable support of private investment, including through possible investments in carbon markets. This is recognised globally and a central mechanism under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, a key topic for COP26\.A key problem that needs to be solved is how to measure carbon loss over peatlands. In this project, we take advantage of a number of independent scientific advancements to develop an integrated, robust, low-cost solution to the measurement of carbon loss over peatlands that is capable of attracting large-scale private investment and can help governments take full advantage of peatlands in their own goals of achieving net zero.In healthy peatlands, the surface responds seasonally to changes in water and gas volumes by rising and falling, a phenomenon known as "bog breathing". Terra Motion Limited, a spin-out company from the University of Nottingham have developed a novel technique that uses free satellite radar data to measure this motion to millimetric accuracy for peatlands at local, regional and national scale. Ongoing research led by the University of Nottingham and the Thurso-based Environmental Research Institute funded by NatureScot recently showed the huge potential of their APSIS land motion product for the monitoring of peatland condition.In parallel to this research, the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology have established the key role that water table depth has in driving emissions and have developed cutting-edge instrumentation that can be placed at key locations across a bog that can report on the water level remotely and accurately.Through a judicious integration of these technologies, the EMPIRES project will demonstrate a carbon MRV system that will increase the credibility, confidence and uptake of peatland restoration and improve carbon sequestration.?