Project Cavendish, Developing zero CO2 hydrogen combustion systems for heavy-duty commercial transport.

**行业挑战**重型汽车的脱碳具有挑战性，因为对动力系统的成本性能、运行可用性、设计寿命和可靠性的要求，目前任何现有的低碳动力系统方法（如燃料电池、电池电动或混合动力架构）都无法完全满足这些要求。重型应用对这些技术的特定关键操作和拥有成本特征更为敏感，这给试图确定零排放具体路径的英国原始设备制造商带来了不确定性。从长期供应安全的角度来看，oem面临的风险导致了在车辆发布计划中采用新的低碳技术的阻力，这对英国的脱碳轨迹产生了重大影响。目前，英国在这些领域的系统和辅助设备供应链主要集中在柴油重型应用上。**机遇**虽然重型动力系统路线图最终以零排放氢燃料电池和纯电动汽车为高潮，但OEM的长期战略仍将严重依赖于下一代内燃机（ICE），以满足OEM的要求，同时降低车队的平均排放量，符合欧洲二氧化碳法规，并达到欧VII的污染物排放水平。使用氢作为燃烧燃料，即所谓的H2-ICE，能够满足重型/中型要求，同时实现从油箱到尾气管的零二氧化碳排放。然而，传统的燃料转化方法意味着需要对发动机进行重新设计，并且需要在供应链中进行制造和组装投资，这对转化为氢提供了惯性。**Cavendish** **愿景**作为回应，PHINIA集团燃料系统公司（PHINIA Delphi UK Ltd.）和Hartridge及其供应链合作伙伴博格华纳、马勒和Cambustion正在寻求一种新的H2-ICE概念，该概念基于现有重型柴油平台的优化，以适应氢作为燃料来源，并以新型燃油喷射（PFI和HPDI选项）和支持涡轮增压器技术为基础。因此，该联盟的目标是转换（而不是替代）当前的重型发动机平台设计，将新的喷射技术选项纳入标准的垂直气缸发动机设计中，从而消除了对供应链制造/装配基础设施的大量投资（如需要对发动机进行全面重新设计）。在达到可接受的功率密度和热效率的条件下，开发可以加速H2-ICE的采用和柴油ice的取代，同时保护英国合作伙伴在成熟的基于ice的供应链中的地位。

**Industry challenge**Decarbonisation of heavy-duty vehicles is challenging due to demands on powertrain cost-performance, operational availability, design life and reliability, which are yet to be wholly met by any existing low carbon powertrain approach, such as fuel cells, battery electric or hybrid architectures.Heavy-duty applications are much more sensitive to the specific operation-critical and cost-of-ownership characteristics of these technologies, creating uncertainty for UK-based OEMs trying to determine specific paths to zero-emissions.The risks for OEMs, in terms of long-term security-of-supply, contribute to a resistance to adopting new low carbon technologies into vehicle launch plans, with significant impacts on the UK's decarbonisation trajectory. Currently, UK supply chains for systems and ancillaries in these segments focus very much on diesel heavy-duty applications.**Opportunity**Whilst heavy-duty powertrain roadmaps ultimately culminate in zero-emission hydrogen fuel cell and battery electric vehicles, long-term OEM strategies will remain critically-dependent on next-generation internal combustion engines (ICE) to meet OEM requirements, whilst reducing average fleet emissions in line with European CO2 legislation and meeting Euro VII levels of pollutant emissions. See appendix 3Using hydrogen as a combustion fuel, so called H2-ICE, provides capability to meet heavy-duty/medium-duty requirements whilst delivering zero tank-to-tailpipe CO2 emissions.However, traditional approaches to conversion of this fuel have meant significant engine redesign and associated need for manufacturing and assembly investment in the supply chain, providing inertia against conversion to hydrogen.**Cavendish** **vision**In response, the PHINIA group -- Fuel Systems (PHINIA Delphi UK Ltd.) & Hartridge - and their partners in the supply chain -- BorgWarner, Mahle and Cambustion -- are pursuing a novel H2-ICE concept based on optimisation of existing heavy-duty diesel platforms to accommodate hydrogen as a fuel source, underpinned by novel fuel injection (PFI and HPDI options) and supporting turbocharger technology.The consortium's approach therefore targets conversion (rather than replacement) of current heavy-duty engine platform designs -- incorporating novel injection technology options into standard perpendicular cylinder engine designs -- hence negating the need for significant supply chain manufacturing/assembly infrastructure investment (as would be required with a full engine redesign).Conditional on achieving acceptable power density and thermal efficiency, developments can accelerate the adoption of H2-ICE and the displacement of diesel ICEs whilst safeguarding UK partners' positions in mature ICE-based supply chains.