ArchAI: AI in archaeology to de-risk construction and land development.

艾瑞斯·克莱默博士是ArchAI的创始人，ArchAI是一家基于她博士期间开发的世界首创技术的初创公司。ArchAI公司正在利用人工智能，利用地球观测数据自动探测考古，从而降低建筑行业的风险。在最早的规划阶段了解考古遗址的位置，可以准确估计获得规划许可所涉及的时间和成本。这意味着ArchAI将降低建筑成本，并确保重要的历史遗址得到保护。建筑项目对环境有很大的影响，包括考古，因此在获得规划许可之前评估潜在的损害是一项法律要求。不断增加的开发和规划过程的变化可能会降低考古评估的准确性，地方当局现在担心未记录的考古破坏，反过来开发商担心考古将在建设项目中被发现。通过对地观测数据(1)在森林/崎岖地形中通过激光雷达探测土方遗迹，(2)在农田中通过卫星图像探测作物应力，揭示地下土墙和沟渠，揭示考古。ArchAI已经在英国各地开发和测试了激光雷达产品，并探测到了数百个以前未知的地点。我们的客户包括林业委员会和国民信托。通过最初的资金，我们能够建立一个已知考古遗址的国家培训数据库，并绘制出检测到各种考古遗址类型的国家地图。由此产生的产品非常详细，但需要专家推导出考古学提出的风险。虽然这个产品满足了一些客户的需求，但我们已经确定需要进一步的产品开发来真正解决建筑行业早期风险（来自考古学）的问题。在WIA项目中，我们将通过创建国家风险地图来解决这个问题，该地图将基于我们的国家地图，但也包括通过以下方式进行风险分析：(1)基于文化指标的预测建模（例如，史前定居点通常在河流附近发现，防御定居点通常在高地上发现）和(2)条件建模（例如，在淹水条件下的考古遗址挖掘成本更高，耗时更久）。由此产生的地图可以被解释为指示风险等级的交通灯系统，并将为建筑规划的早期阶段提供信息，例如基础设施选择和方案设计（由于成本原因，目前没有考虑考古学）。

Dr Iris Kramer is the founder of ArchAI, a startup based on the world-first technology she developed during her PhD. ArchAI, is de-risking the construction industry by using AI to automatically detect archaeology using earth observation data. Knowing where archaeological sites are located at the earliest planning stages allows accurate estimates of time and cost involved with acquiring planning permission. This means that ArchAI will lower the cost of construction and ensures that vital historical sites are preserved.Construction projects have a big impact on their environment, including archaeology, and it's therefore a legal requirement to assess the potential damages before planning permission is granted. Increasing development and changes to the planning process will likely reduce the accuracy of archaeology assessments and local authorities now fear unrecorded destruction of archaeology and in turn developers fear that archaeology will be found during a construction project.Archaeology is revealed on earth observation data through (1) LiDAR in forested/rough terrain to detect earthwork remains, and (2) satellite imagery in agricultural fields to detect crop stress revealing sub-soil walls and ditches. ArchAI has already developed and tested the LiDAR product across the UK and detected hundreds of previously unknown sites. Our customers include the Forestry Commission and the National Trust.Through initial funding we were able to create a national training database of known archaeological sites and generate national maps with detections of various archaeological site types. The resulting product is highly detailed but requires experts to derive risks proposed by the archaeology. Although this product satisfies some customer needs we have identified that further product development is required to truly address the problem of early stage risk (from archaeology) in the construction industry. In the WIA project we will be addressing this by creating national risk maps which will be based on our national maps but also include risk analysis through (1) predictive modelling based on cultural indicators (e.g. prehistoric settlements are often found near rivers and defended settlements are often found on higher ground) and (2) condition modelling (e.g. archaeological sites in waterlogged condition are more expensive and time consuming to excavate). The resulting map can be interpreted as a traffic light system indicating risk levels and will inform the earliest stages of construction planning such as infrastructure optioneering and scheme design (where archaeology is currently not considered because of the cost).