BRAINSTORM - Wireless deep BRAIN STimulation thrOugh engineeRed Multifunctinal nanomaterials

BrainStorm将推出一种创新的、可扩展的、无线的、多模式的纳米侵入性神经调制技术，适用于独立和可切换的大脑深部神经元的兴奋和抑制。头脑风暴的突破依赖于新型智能各向异性磁性纳米材料(SMN)，通过利用千赫频率下的滞后损耗或赫兹频率下从涡旋到面内磁化的转变，同时充当纳米级的‘加热器’和‘扭矩’。先进的聚合物功能化将增强允许直接控制温度敏感或机械敏感神经元的固有双峰功能，通过压电涂层将扭矩传递到电信号，并能够将病毒载体传输和递送到目标神经元，通过感觉通道进行基因靶向。SMN还将被引导到依赖抗体靶向的内源性感觉通道。对热或机械刺激作出反应的离子通道的选择性激活将允许选择性地激活或抑制可由磁共振成像识别的目标神经元群体。先进的驱动电子设备将包括用于快速频率切换的超材料螺线管线圈，以控制“机械”或“热”功能，而聚焦超声将促进SMN在目标大脑区域的非侵入性传递。头脑风暴平台通过热/机械/电方式调节兴奋/抑制平衡来塑造行为和展示治疗潜力的能力将在脆性X综合征的小鼠模型中得到证明。

BRAINSTORM will introduce an innovative, scalable, wireless, multimodal nanoinvasive neuromodulation technology suitable for independent and switchable excitation and inhibition of deep brain neurons. BRAINSTORM breakthrough relies on novel smart anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials (SMNs) acting both as nanoscale ‘heaters’ and as ‘torquers’ by leveraging either hysteretic losses under kHz frequencies or transitions from vortex to in-plane magnetization under Hz frequencies. Intrinsic bimodal functionality that permits direct control of thermosensitive or mechanosenitive neurons, will be boosted by advanced polymer functionalization to transfer torques to electrical signals trough piezoelectric coating, and to enable transport and delivery of viral vectors to targeted neurons for genetic targeting with sensory channels. SMNs will also be steered to endogenoussensory channelsrelying on antibody targeting. Selected actuation of ion channels that respond to thermal or mechanical stimulus will permit selective activation or inhibition of targeted neuronal populations identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging. Advanced driving electronics will include to metamaterial solenoid coils for rapid frequency switch for control of ‘mechanical’ or ‘thermal’ functionality while focused ultrasound will facilitate non invasive delivery of SMNs in the targeted brain area. The ability of the BRAINSTORM platform to shape behaviour and demonstrate therapeutic potential by modulating the excitation/inhibition balance through thermal/mechanical/electrical modalities will be demonstrated in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome.