Behavioral Economic Demand for Cannabis and Tobacco among Young Adult Dual Users

项目摘要 估计有150万美国年轻人是大麻和烟草的双重使用者。双重用户 经历更高的依赖率和戒烟困难，加剧了他们长期吸烟的风险， 长期健康问题，并构成独特的公共卫生挑战。驱动获取和使用 物质尽管成本是成瘾的核心。物质的高估被捕获 行为经济需求（以下简称需求）。进展 预防和治疗年轻人的双重用途需要研究大麻需求 烟草在三个关键领域首先，必须确定大麻需求的特点， 烟草的使用者之间的这两种物质，并了解如何对每种物质的需求 随时间变化（目标1）。第二，我们对双重用途的理解存在重大差距， 了解需求与具体物质的结果之间的联系，如依赖性， 和戒烟尝试在双重用户中运作，以及对一种物质的需求是否会影响 共同使用物质的成果（目标2）。第三，缺乏理论基础，解释性 将需求与双重用途联系起来的模式阻碍了在预防和治疗疟疾方面取得进展， 双重用途。社会认知理论（SCT）是一种广泛使用的行为健康模型， 理解物质使用，包含可改变的因素，如预期、感知 风险和社会可接受性以及特性，尚未适用于大麻的双重用途 和烟草。这项研究将确定与需求和双重用途有关的SCT因素（目标3）， 提供可采取行动的干预目标。实现这些目标将产生重大影响。 在预防和治疗高危人群中的一个独特公共卫生问题方面取得进展， 符合NIDA的使命一项前瞻性队列设计将用于测量行为 对烟草和大麻的经济需求、烟草和大麻的当前使用情况以及 行为健康影响和SCT因素在250名年轻人（18 - 25岁）目前的烟草 和加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的大麻使用者进行了三次75分钟的访问：基线、第6个月和第6个月 12.这项研究将由加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥一所经验丰富的大学研究实验室进行 在招募和留住烟草和大麻使用者方面有着良好的记录， 行为经济需求测量专家和领先的生物统计学家。这 项目将为学生提供高质量的研究经验，在执行，分析， 研究报告，与R16目标一致。

Project Summary An estimated 1.5 million U.S. young adults are dual users of cannabis and tobacco. Dual users experience higher rates of dependence and difficulty quitting, compounding their risk of long- term health problems and posing a unique public health challenge. Drive to obtain and use substances despite cost is a centerpiece of addiction. Overvaluation of substances is captured by the concept behavioral economic demand (referred to hereafter as demand). Progress in preventing and treating dual use among young adults requires studying demand for cannabis and tobacco in three key areas. First, it is essential to characterize demand for cannabis and tobacco among users of both substances and understand how demand for each substance changes over time (Aim 1). Second, critical gaps in our understanding of dual use include not knowing how the link between demand and substance-specific outcomes, such as dependence and quit attempts operates among dual users, and whether demand for one substance impacts outcomes for the co-used substance (Aim 2). Third, the lack of a theory-based, explanatory model connecting demand to dual use is a barrier to progress in prevention and treatment of dual use. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is a widely used behavioral health model for understanding substance use, containing modifiable factors such as expectancies, perceptions of risk and social acceptability, and identity, which has yet to be applied to dual use of cannabis and tobacco. This study will identify SCT factors linked with demand and dual use (Aim 3), providing actionable targets of intervention. Addressing these aims will create significant progress in preventing and treating a unique public health problem among a high-risk group, consistent with NIDA’s mission. A prospective, cohort design will be used to measure behavioral economic demand for tobacco and cannabis, current use of tobacco and cannabis and related behavioral health effects, and SCT factors among 250 young adults (age 18-25) current tobacco and cannabis users in San Diego, CA at three, 75-minute visits: baseline, month 6, and month 12. The study will be conducted by an experienced university research lab in San Diego, CA with a track record of recruiting and retaining tobacco and cannabis users, in collaboration with an expert in behavioral economic demand measurement and a leading biostatistician. This project will provide students a high-quality research experience in the execution, analysis, and reporting of the study, consistent with the R16 aim.