Virtual Stability verification of Remanufactured and Electrified non-road mobile Machinery (VS-REM)

非道路移动的机械（NRMM）对英国的经济增长至关重要。然而，它也是全球变暖的主要原因。在欧洲，NRMM占NOx总排放量的15%左右，占PM总排放量的5%，每年约排放1亿吨二氧化碳当量，相当于温室气体排放量的2%（Poulsen，2017）。英国政府已禁止销售新的内燃机（ICE）驱动的NRMM截至2035年，现有的ICE NRMM将不得不在服务结束（EoS）时报废，而内含价值这些自然资源的再制造和电气化（RE）将被摧毁。该公司将现有的EoS部件重新制造到类似新的状态，并将ICE动力驱动器替换为零排放电力驱动器，提供了一种有前途的解决方案。它在10至15年的零排放使用寿命内保持EoS NRR值。然而，目前，EoS NRMM的可再生能源利用率非常低，主要是由于两个因素：（a）重新制造和电气化（RE-ed）NRMM的UKCA/CE标志的法律的重新认证要求，其责任从原始设备制造商（OEM）转移到EoS NRMM的所有者资产管理公司（AMC）。从ICE到Electric的切换可能会改变重量分布，从而导致稳定性的变化。因此，稳定性测试通常是UKCA/CE标志的一部分。然而，AMC通常不具备重新认证和稳定性测试的知识和/或资源。(b)a AMC对RE-ed NRMM能够满足稳定性和UKCA/CE标志要求缺乏信心。VS-REM最初专注于叉车，旨在开发和评估虚拟分析原型工具的可行性，以测试、优化和可视化RE-ed NRMM的稳定性，模拟获得UKCA/CE标志的物理稳定性测试要求。这使得“第一时间正确”的RE-ed NRMM能够通过物理稳定性测试，并且在稳定性方面表现得与原始NRMM一样好或更好。这让AMC在概念阶段就对RE-ed NRMM充满信心，然后才在财务上承诺实际进行RE，否则可能会花费昂贵，耗时且容易出错。VS-REM是一种改变游戏规则的创新，并且没有替代的现有解决方案。

Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) is crucial for the UK's economic growth. However, it is also a major contributor to global warming. In Europe, NRMM contributes to around 15% of the total NOx emissions, 5% of total PM emissions and is accountable for roughly 100 million tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually, corresponding to 2% of greenhouse gas emissions (Poulsen, 2017). The UK government has banned the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) powered NRMM as of 2035 and existing ICE NRMMs will have to be scrapped at the end-of-service (EoS), while the embedded value (cost, emission, resource) of these NRMMs will be destroyed.Remanufacturing and Electrification (RE) of EoS ICE NRMM, which remanufactures the existing EoS components to a like-new condition and replaces the ICE power drive with a zero-emission electrical drive, offers a promising solution. It retains the value of EoS NRMMs for 10 to 15 years of zero-emission service life. It is 20% to 40% cheaper, has 15% less emissions and 50% less lead time than new NRMM.However, currently, the uptake of RE of EoS NRMM is very low, largely due to two factors:(a)The legal recertification requirement for UKCA/CE mark for the Remanufactured and Electrified (RE-ed) NRMM the responsibility for which is shifted from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to Asset Management Companies (AMCs), the owners of the EoS NRMM. The switch from ICE to Electrical could change the weight distribution, leading to a change in stability. Thus, a stability test is often required as part of the UKCA/CE mark. However, AMCs often do not have the knowledge and/or resources for recertification and the stability test.(b)a lack of confidence by AMCs that the RE-ed NRMM could meet the stability and UKCA/CE mark requirement.With an initial focus on forklifts, VS-REM aims to develop and assess the feasibility of a virtual analytical prototype tool to test, optimise and visualise the stability of RE-ed NRMM mimicking the physical stability test requirements for obtaining a UKCA/CE mark. This enables "right-at-the-first-time" RE-ed NRMM that passes the physical stability test and performs as good as, or better than, the original NRMM in terms of stability. This gives AMCs confidence in the RE-ed NRMM at the concept stage, before financially committing to physically undertaking RE which could otherwise be expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone.VS-REM is a game-changing innovation , and there is no alternative existing solution for this.