A Proactive Approach to the Recovery and Recycling of Photovoltaic Modules (APOLLO)

目前对光伏（PV）废弃模块的回收做法是未经提炼的，回收的是小批量和低价值的材料。为了经济和可持续，光伏废弃物的回收需要有效地回收所有的材料成分，其质量适合在新的光伏中重复使用，并将影响降到最低。阿波罗计划将建立一种循环方法，将遗留的回收、未来的生产和未来的回收联系起来。将示范一条试验生产线，用于处理输入的40吨光伏废物，这些废物将被回收利用，从而产生足够的再生材料，用于1吨再制造硅和30个示范光伏组件。进入的模块将根据玻璃成分进行流处理，从而实现高质量玻璃的批量回收，用于新的太阳能级玻璃。一种新型的连续“超声”技术（超声激发蚀刻）将沿着管道工艺的顺序快速分离硅、银、铜和其他金属。使用过的液体蚀刻剂将在一个闭环中回收，从而产生低废物，小足迹。此外，回收的硅将被精炼到适合新的pv级铸锭生长的纯度。目的是提供纯度最低为99.9999%的纯化硅。多项创新将重量回收率从18%提高到93%。阿波罗将通过种植新的硅锭、制造太阳能电池和新的光伏组件来证明回收硅的适用性。将制造20个基于pec的模块，10个串联模块和30平方米的单结钙钛矿电池。这些模块将采用新的设计、材料和制造方法，并设计为可拆卸和可回收。将设计和实施基于区块链的光伏数字产品护照（dpp），以及一个用于重复使用、再制造和/或回收光伏组件的在线市场。dpp为产品的生命周期提供安全可靠的数据，并根据要求提供材料、危害和历史记录，帮助回收利用。

Current recycling practices for Photovoltaic (PV) waste modules are unrefined and recover low volume and low value materials. To be economical and sustainable the recycling of PV waste needs to efficiently recover all of the material constituents at a quality suitable for the reuse in new PVs, with minimal impact. APOLLO will create a circular approach to link legacy recycling, future production and future recycling. A pilot line will be demonstrated and used to process an input of 40 tonnes of PV waste which will be recycled, resulting in enough reclaimed materials for 1 tonne of remanufactured silicon and 30 exemplar PV modules. Incoming modules will be streamed by glass composition, enabling batch recovery of high-quality glass, to be used for new solar-grade glass. A novel continuous ‘sonification’ technique, (ultrasonically excited etchant) will rapidly separate silicon, silver, copper and other metals in a sequence along a pipe-based process. Used liquid etchants will be recycled in a closed loop resulting in low waste, small footprint. Further, recovered silicon will be refined to a purity suitable for new PV-grade ingot growth. The objective isto deliver purified silicon with a minimum purity of 99.9999%. Multiple innovations increase the percentage weight recovery from 18% to 93%. APOLLO will prove the suitability of the recycled silicon by growing new ingots, manufacturing solar cells and then new PV modules. 20 PERC-based modules, 10 Tandem modules and 30sqm of single junction perovskite cells will be made. These modules will incorporate new designs, materials and manufacturing methods, and be designed for disassembly and recycling. Blockchain-based Digital Product Passports (DPPs) for PV will be designed and implemented as well as an online marketplace for reused, remanufactured and/or recycled PV components. DPPs provide secure and trustworthy data for the life of the product and aid recycling by supplying material, hazards and history on request.