Loopholes, Enforcement Challenges, and Tobacco Industry Interference with Tobacco Control Policies

项目总结/摘要 背景实施烟草控制政策是应对青少年吸烟流行的重要措施。 电子烟在美国的使用，并被认为是从2019年开始减少年轻人使用电子烟的原因。 至2020在2019-2020年期间，颁布了两项联邦法律：（1）烟草21（提高了最低法律的 烟草的销售年龄为21岁; T21）和（2）部分风味限制法消除了基于豆荚/烟草的 含有薄荷/薄荷醇以外的香料的电子烟产品。虽然传统的政策评估（例如， 遵守情况检查、文件分析和调查）已被用来评估政策影响， 可以使用基于社交媒体的补充和创新方法， 就政策相关问题进行有机的公共讨论。这些数据特别有价值，因为它们能够 发现与政策相关的关键信息，比传统方法花费更少的时间。建立在我的 经验和学习我的研究导师的专业知识，我将进行第一次全面的社会 媒体评估，旨在发现非常有价值但往往难以确定的信息， 三个国家正在制定的烟草获取法律（已经颁布或正在讨论） 领域：政策效力、执法挑战和行业干预。Research.的首要目标 拟议的调查旨在减少青少年/年轻成年人接触烟草制品的机会。所以在这 建议，我们将（1）确定可能规避新兴的联邦烟草获取法律的漏洞;（2）确定 与执行FDA监管的烟草获取法律有关的关键挑战;以及（3）调查烟草 烟草业支持对新出台的由FDA监管的烟草获取法律进行干预。为了实现这些目标，我们 将使用专门的软件和社交媒体优化搜索词的综合列表来收集数据 从几个社交媒体平台（例如，Twitter、Instagram、Reddit、Facebook）。使用两步过程，我们 将确保搜索字符串是全面的，可行的，具体的，和非正式的。在开发了一个密码本， 探讨对青少年吸烟法的看法（积极、消极、中立和混合/两者兼有）， 独立的编码器将对收集的数据的子样本进行编码，按月、日和时间分层。最后， 内容分析和社交网络分析将用于探索漏洞，执法挑战， 干预新出台的烟草获取法。训练在教学上，为此提出了培训计划， K 01包括教学培训（证书课程，研讨会，课程，研讨会），指导 （定向研究、电话会议、面对面接触时间、阅读材料）和传播交付物 （出版物、演示文稿和提案），以便在预计的时间轴内完成项目。 这些研究目标的成果将补充我的职业发展目标（即，发展专门知识 在烟草控制政策、社交媒体分析和社交网络分析中）， 健康、政策、沟通和技术之间的联系。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Background. Enactment of tobacco control policies is a vital response to the ongoing epidemic of adolescent e-cigarette use in the US and is believed to have contributed to the decline in youth e-cigarette use from 2019 to 2020. During 2019-2020, two federal laws were enacted: (1) Tobacco 21 (increased the minimum legal sales age for tobacco to 21 years; T21) and (2) a partial Flavor Restriction law eliminated pod/cartridge-based e-cigarette products that contained flavors other than mint/menthol. While traditional policy evaluations (e.g., compliance checks, document analyses, and surveys) have been employed to evaluate policy impact, complementary and innovative social media-based methodologies can be used to systematically examine organic public discussion about policy-relevant issues. Such data are particularly valuable due to the ability to uncover critical policy-relevant information, taking less time than traditional methodologies. Building on my experience and learning from my research mentors’ expertise, I will conduct the first comprehensive social media assessment aimed at uncovering highly valuable yet often difficult-to-ascertain information regarding emerging tobacco access laws (that have already been enacted or are currently being discussed) in three areas: policy efficacy, enforcement challenges, and industry interference. Research. The overarching goal of the proposed investigation is to reduce youth/young adult access to tobacco products. Therefore, in this proposal, we will (1) identify loopholes that may circumvent emerging federal tobacco access laws; (2) identify key challenges related to enforcement of FDA regulated tobacco access laws; and (3) investigate tobacco industry supported interference with emerging FDA regulated tobacco access laws. To achieve these aims, we will use a specialized software and a comprehensive list of social media-optimized search terms to collect data from several social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, Reddit, Facebook). Using a two-step process, we will ensure search strings are comprehensive, feasible, specific, and informal. After developing a codebook to explore sentiment (positive, negative, neutral, and mixed/both) about tobacco youth access laws, two trained independent coders will code a sub-sample of collected data, stratifying by month, day, and time. Finally, content analyses and social network analyses will be used to explore loopholes, enforcement challenges, and interference with emerging tobacco access laws. Training. Pedagogically, the training plan for this proposed K01 is comprised of didactic training (certificate program, workshop, coursework, seminars), mentoring (directed research, conference calls, in-person contact hours, readings), and dissemination deliverables (publications, presentations, and proposals) required to complete the project on the projected timeline. Outcomes from these research aims will complement my career-development aims (i.e., developing expertise in tobacco control policies, social media analysis, and social network analysis) that focus on the intersection between health, policy, communication, and technology.