RESTOREID : Restoring Ecosystems to Stop the Threat Of Re - Emerging Infectious Disease

恢复生态系统以阻止（重新）出现传染病的威胁：越来越多的证据表明，景观退化与人畜共患病的溢出风险有关。大规模恢复越来越多地被吹捧为减轻一系列人为影响的有效解决方案，也被假设为防止人畜共患病的溢出。然而，很少有人知道的机制，恢复可能提供这种保护。人们通常认为，恢复镜像相反的过程中发生的退化;然而，很可能这种关系实际上是不对称的。恢复后的景观很少能恢复到与原始生态系统相似的状态，而且恢复后的景观往往需要满足一系列环境和社会经济要求，而这些要求从本质上阻止了它们这样做。此外，影响积极变化所需的时空尺度取决于环境，目前还不知道保护免受人畜共患病溢出所需的恢复类型。生态系统恢复在类型、规模和背景方面可以有很大的不同，也可以改变人类与环境的互动方式，这可能对人畜共患病的蔓延产生意想不到的后果。鉴于这些相互作用的复杂性及其对疾病的影响，我们必须了解恢复如何具体影响野生动物疾病和紧急溢出风险。

Restoring Ecosystems to Stop the Threat Of (Re-)Emerging Infectious Diseases: There is a growing body of evidence that landscape degradation is linked to zoonotic spillover risk. Large scale restoration is increasingly being touted as an effective solution for mitigating against a range of anthropogenic impacts and is also hypothesised to protect against zoonotic disease spillover. However, little is known about the mechanisms with which restoration may provide this protection. It is commonly assumed that restoration mirrors in reverse the processes that occur during degradation; however, it is likely that this relationship is in fact asymmetric. Rarely can restored landscapes be returned to a state similar to that of pristine ecosystems, and often restored landscapes need to fulfil a range of environmental and socioeconomic requirements that inherently prevent them from doing so. Additionally, the spatiotemporal scale necessary to effect positive change is context dependent, and the type of restoration necessary to protect against zoonotic spillover is currently unknown. Ecosystem restoration can vary widely in type, scale and context and can also change how humans interact with their environment, which may have unexpected consequences for zoonotic disease spillover. Given the complexity of these interactions and their effect on disease, it is vital that we understand how restoration specifically might impact wildlife disease and emergent spillover risk.