Novel frameworks for explaining unequal access to the health benefits of social ties: a longitudinal analysis in wild chimpanzees

项目总结 社会融合和社会支持对健康和死亡率有深远而持久的影响。有了这样的 令人惊讶的是，每个人在获得社会福利的健康益处方面的能力差异如此之大 领带。为了设计更有效的涉及社会支持的干预和预防战略，至关重要的是 了解影响个人参与社交网络的因素，以及 社会关系对健康结果的贡献最可靠。这种研究是相当困难的，因为 给予人类长期而复杂的社会经历的人，往往被提炼成广泛的主观和 社会支持的回溯性测量。 非人灵长类动物已经成为研究相互作用的易处理和合适的模型系统 社会进程和健康之间的关系。灵长类社会纽带产生的健康或生存益处与 然而，社会行为是可以直接观察和客观量化的。黑猩猩特别是 有价值的比较模型，因为它们寿命长，社会复杂，共享接近的基因 与人类的关系，并在社会老龄化轨迹上显示出重要的相似之处。Kibale黑猩猩 该项目收集了密集的纵向样本，包括25年系统的日常观察 野生黑猩猩的社会行为与尿液应激和尿液生物标志物的常规监测相结合 生理健康。目前提议的工作充分利用了该数据集的非凡能力 阐明压力反应系统、社会关系维持和衰老之间的长期相互作用。 这项研究的首要目标是阐明影响卫生机会不平等的因素。 社会关系的好处。我们的创新方法围绕着这样一个观点，即发展有益于 社会支持网络带来了昂贵的投资，以及压力大、危害健康的经历的风险。 我们假设，早期发育和衰老都会形成个体对关系压力的敏感性，这 影响个人如何融入他们的社会环境。目标1将评估身体尺寸和特征 糖皮质激素功能、发展影响因素、预测社会投资和社会质量 两性关系。目标2将评估关系质量属性，如稳定性和公平性 社会纽带和正负互动的平衡，缓和社会纽带对健康的影响 和死亡率。对于目标3，我们将把目标1和目标2的成果整合到一个全面的框架中，具体办法是 探讨个人发展特征是否与社会关系质量相互作用或独立行动 塑造健康，以及这些影响如何在衰老过程中因社会性的变化而改变。规划 研究阶段将涉及必要的数据准备以及开发和验证 用于评估性状糖皮质激素变异和社会纽带多维特性的分析工具。

PROJECT SUMMARY Social integration and social support have profound and long-lasting effects on health and mortality. With such advantages, it is surprising that individuals vary so much in their ability to access the health benefits of social ties. In order to design more effective intervention and prevention strategies involving social support, it is vital to understand the factors that affect individual engagement with social networks, as well as which features of social relationships contribute most reliably to health outcomes. Research of this kind is quite difficult with human subjects given that long and complex social experiences are often distilled into broad subjective and retrospective measures of social support. Non-human primates have emerged as tractable and appropriate model systems for investigating interactions between social processes and health. Primate social bonds yield similar health or survival benefits to those in humans, yet social behaviors can be directly observed and objectively quantified. Chimpanzees are particularly valuable comparative models because they are long-lived and socially-complex, share a close genetic relationship with humans, and exhibit important similarities in social aging trajectories. The Kibale Chimpanzee Project has collected a dense, longitudinal sample comprising >25 years of systematic, daily observations of wild chimpanzee social behavior paired with routine monitoring for urinary biomarkers of stress and physiological health. The currently proposed work capitalizes on the extraordinary capacity of this dataset to elucidate long-term interactions between stress response systems, social relationship maintenance, and aging. The overarching goal of this research is to elucidate the factors that affect unequal access to the health benefits of social ties. Our innovative approach centers on the perspective that the development of beneficial social support networks entails costly investments and the risk of stressful, health-compromising experiences. We hypothesize that both early development and aging shape individual sensitivity to relationship stress, which affects how individuals engage in their social environments. Aim 1 will evaluate how body size and trait glucocorticoid function, factors influenced by development, predict investment in and quality of social relationships. Aim 2 will evaluate how relationship quality attributes, such as the stability and equitability of bonds and the balance of positive and negative interactions, moderate the influence of social bonds on health and mortality. For Aim 3, we will integrate the results of Aims 1 and 2 into a comprehensive framework by addressing whether individual developmental traits interact with social relationship quality or act independently to shape health, and how these influences are modified by changes in sociality during aging. The planning phase of the research will involve necessary data preparation and development and validation of novel analytical tools for assessing trait glucocorticoid variation and the multidimensional properties of social bonds.