QUALITY OF LIFE, HEALTH, AND VALUATION OF LIFE BY ELDERS

老年慢性病患者的生活质量(QOL) 调查其对生命价值的贡献 (卷)。VOL是一个人主观体验到的价值 当下的生活，被众多的正面和负面的东西所加权 在人和环境中都有特点。这项研究将 扩展现有关于健康效用或健康状态偏好的研究 通过(A)使用70岁以上的老年人；(B)调查 健康状况不佳的人与健康状况不佳的人；(C) 衡量VOL的积极特征的贡献以及 传统的负面特征。400名受试者将从 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和费城老年中心社区：出院 住院患者、门诊患者和非患者，按性别、种族、 和社会经济地位(每个细胞5个SS)。他们将被招募到 不包括认知障碍者，但代表广泛的 身体健康。基于访谈的标准评估工具将 被用来测量生活质量和心理健康加上新的 用于测量VOL的设计：期望寿命年数、VOL量表和 开放式面试激发人们对未来、现在和未来的态度 未来的目标和“个人项目”。具体的假设和一个 基于劳顿的心理幸福感和心理幸福感结构模型 美好生活的典范将受到考验。一个“积极的道路”和一个 “消极路径”被假设为对 心理健康和心理健康。一项前瞻性队列研究将 在受试者的分组上进行。健康下降的影响与。 延长寿命治疗偏好的健康稳定性将得到测试 在存活24个月的160名受试者身上。延年益寿的实际使用 将确定对那些死亡的人的治疗，以及QOL和VOL 这种用法的预测因素已经确定。

Quality of life (QOL) in older people with chronic illnesses will be investigated in terms of how it contributes to the valuation of life (VOL). VOL is the subjectively experienced worth of the person's present life, weighted by the multitude of positive and negative features in both the person and the environment. The research will extend existing research on health utility or healthy-state preferences by (a) using elders ages 70+; (b) investigating differences in VOL among those who are in versus those not in states of compromised health; (c) measuring the contributions of positive features of VOL as well as the traditional negative features. 400 subjects will be recruited from the Albert Einstein and Philadelphia Geriatric Center community: Discharged inpatients, outpatients, and nonpatients, stratified by gender, race, and socioeconomic status (5 Ss per cell). They will be recruited to exclude the cognitively impaired but to represent a broad range of physical health. Standard interviewed-based assessment instruments will be used to measure QOL and psychological well-being plus new ones designed to measure VOL: Years of desired life, a VOL scale, and an open-ended interview eliciting attitudes toward the future, present and future goals, and "personal projects." Specific hypotheses and a structural model of psychological well-being and VOL based on Lawton's model of the good life will be tested. A "positive path" and a "negative path" are hypothesized to make independent contributions to psychological well-being and to VOL. A prospective cohort study will be performed on subgroups of subjects. The effect of health decline vs. health stability on Life Extending Treatment Preferences will be tested on 160 subjects who survive for 24 months. Actual use of life extending treatment will be determined for those who die, and QOL and VOL predictors of such use determined.