Optical Stimulated Luminescence Detection of Beryllium within Nuclear Fusion Facilities (OSLB)

核聚变是地球未来能源供应的长期解决方案。它不含碳，效率很高。然而，核聚变反应堆的内部是一个严酷的环境：组件暴露在高温、高能氢离子和高动能电子以及14兆电子伏特的中子中。金属表面在聚变反应堆中是必不可少的，铍（Be）是欧洲联合环面（JET）中实现的候选表面之一。其独特的低原子质量、低燃料滞留和良好的机械性能使其成为实验和商业聚变反应堆中第一壁（面向等离子体）材料的良好选择。然而，人体接触铍及其化合物可引起铍中毒，这是一种慢性过敏症型肺部反应和慢性肺部疾病。在反应堆的使用寿命期间，需要定期拆除部分进行翻新或更换。由于粒子溅射和再沉积，这些成分将变得具有放射性并被Be/BeO沉积物覆盖。这些沉积物可以形成Be/BeO尘埃。因此，处理Be粉尘和受此粉尘污染的组件的能力对于核聚变装置的安全和有效运行至关重要。目前，在英国的JET设施内，这个问题是通过个人清洁场地的所有表面来解决的。这既耗时又有潜在危险。目前还没有传感解决方案可以快速准确地识别给定设施内的Be/ BeO沉积物。本提案旨在开发一种针对BeO矿床的新传感系统。开发的重点将是生产一种新的原型传感器和一个机器人平台，该平台将用于扫描环境中目标的仪器。该系统将考虑到在这种高辐射状态下工作的挑战。仪器将在实验室和有代表性的测试环境中针对目标样品进行测试。关键目标是证明该装置能够以最低的误报率以所需的精度检测沉积物，并检查样品区域扫描的速度。此外，还将设计辐射硬化选项，使用Rad硬探测器和超低成本选项，其中相机可以被认为是一次性的。

Public descriptionNuclear fusion is a long term solution to the future energy supply of the planet. It is carbon free and highly efficient. However, the inside of a fusion reactor is an unforgiving environment: components are exposed to high temperatures, energetic hydrogen ions and electrons with high kinetic energies, and 14 MeV neutrons. Metallic surfaces are essential in a fusion reactor, with beryllium (Be) one of the candidates implemented in the Joint European Torus (JET). Its unique combination of low atomic mass, low fuel retention and favourable mechanical properties make it a good choice as a first wall (plasma facing) material within experimental and commercial fusion reactors. However, human exposure to Be and its compounds can cause berylliosis, a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease.During a reactor's operational lifetime, sections will need to be periodically removed for refurbishment or replacement. These components will become radioactive and covered in Be/BeO deposits due to particle induced sputtering and re-deposition. These deposits can form Be/BeO dust. Therefore, the ability to handle Be dust and components contaminated with this dust is essential to safe and efficient operation of a fusion plant. At present, within the UK based JET facility, this issue is addressed by personal cleaning all the surfaces of the site. This is time consuming and potentially hazardous. No sensing solution currently exists to quickly and accurately identify the Be/ BeO deposits within a given facility.This proposal seeks to develop a new sensing system target BeO deposits. The focus of the development will the production of a new prototype sensor and a robotic platform that will be used to scan the instrument at the target within the environment. The system will take in account the challenges for working in this high radiation regime.The instrument will be tested against target samples, both in the laboratory and a representative test environment. The key objective is to demonstrate that the unit can detect deposits at the required levels of accuracy with minimal false positive returns, as well as examining the speed at which an sample area can be scanned. In addition, designs will be produce for radiation hardened options using both Rad hard detector and ultra low cost options where the camera can be considered disposable.