Battery Thermal Management - Enabling Extremely Fast Charging

汽车行业的脱碳是减少气候变化的关键。欧盟交通运输造成的二氧化碳排放量中有72%来自公路运输（EASAC，2019）。在全球范围内，交通运输排放了23%的能源相关二氧化碳-到2050年，这一比例可能会增加到60%（Crist，2019）。值得庆幸的是，电池电动汽车（BEV）有可能消除尾气排放，并在使用可再生能源充电时减少全球排放。然而，BEV的采用受到成本，范围和充电时间的担忧的阻碍（Jolley，2019）。通过先进的冷却技术可以缩短充电时间，该技术有可能在高电流充电期间控制电池温度。该项目将确定使用Qdot的冷却技术来解决电池模块级别的极速充电（XFC）的热挑战的可行性-在10分钟内增加200英里的范围。对增加范围的需求导致了汽车行业的驱动器，提高电池单元的能量密度-重量和体积-以减少BEV电池组的质量和尺寸。虽然就其本身而言，增加的能量密度将导致对改进的热管理系统的需求，但由于在此过程中电池单元中发生的极端体积加热速率，XFC将决定峰值冷却性能要求。Qdot开发了一流的对流冷却技术，能够在小区域内提取高水平的热量，将解决这一热挑战。Qdot的愿景是使用为核聚变托卡马克中发生的极端热通量条件开发的冷却技术来实现XFC。如果这项申请成功，这笔赠款将使Qdot能够将这项技术应用于XFC。

Decarbonisation of the automotive sector is key to reducing climate change. 72% of the CO2 emissions caused by transport in the EU are from road transport (EASAC, 2019). Globally, transportation emits 23% of energy-related CO2 - a proportion which could increase to 60% by 2050 (Crist, 2019).Thankfully, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have the potential to eliminate tailpipe emissions and reduce global emissions when recharged from renewable sources. However, the uptake of BEVs has been hampered by concerns around cost, range and recharge times (Jolley, 2019). Reduction in the charge times would be enabled by advanced cooling technology which has the potential to control battery temperatures during high current charging. This project will ascertain the feasibility of using Qdot's cooling technology to address the thermal challenges of Extremely Fast Charging (XFC) - the addition of 200 miles of range within 10 mins - at a battery module level.The need for increased range has led to a drive, within the automotive industry, to improve battery cell energy densities - both gravimetric and volumetric - to reduce the mass and size of BEV battery packs. Whilst on its own, increased energy density will lead to a need for improved thermal management systems, it is XFC that will dictate the peak cooling performance requirements due to the extreme volumetric heating rates that occur in the battery cells during this process.Qdot has developed class leading convective cooling technology which is able to extract high levels of heat over small areas that will solve this thermal challenge. Qdot's vision is to enable XFC using cooling technology developed for the extreme heat flux conditions that occur in a nuclear fusion tokamak. If this application is successful, the grant will enable Qdot to apply this technology to XFC.