INTERNAL MIGRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE US

这项研究将为人口和 环境研究在美国的范围内。 具体来说，我们将确定内部 通过使用独特的数据集， 将全国、县级普查数据与环境质量相结合 环境保护局规定的措施。 为 美国公众的环保意识和关注度不断提高， 我们是否可以预期，环境问题可能会在 决定搬迁，或目的地的选择也可能受到影响 环境因素？ 该项目有两个主要组成部分。 第一，整体进出- 将对移民流进行研究，以确定总体关系 移民和环境质量之间的关系。 预计各国 提高公众对环境质量的关注， 影响环境质量差地区的向外移民，同时 积极影响向环境风险较小地区的移民。 第二，对这些人口流动进行分类（按种族和 教育）将使人们深入了解“环境公平”问题。 最近 研究表明，低收入和少数民族人口更经常 比美国其他地区更容易受到环境危害。 人口 按社会经济地位进行的选择性再分配 对这些股权问题的影响很大。 换句话说，如果低收入和 少数民族居民不太可能从居住在 环境质量差，那么就是这些群体， 承担环境负担。 这一分析的结果将提供有价值的见解， 社会科学家、环保团体、社区领袖， 关注人口与环境之间关系的政策制定者 分布和环境质量。 移徙研究和理论 将从这项工作中受益。 我们还将了解更多关于 环境污染程度高的地区 质量可能会被追求，解决和暴露在压力下， 人口 此外，了解人口的影响 在环境公平方面的再分配应具有重大意义。 地方政府领导人的关注，假设公平的愿望， 风险的分配。

This study will provide important contributions to population and environmental research within the context of the United States. Specifically, we will determine the relationship between internal migration and environmental quality through the use of a unique dataset combining nationwide, county-level census data with environmental quality measures as provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. As the environmental awareness and concern of the American public increases, might we anticipate that environmental concerns may play a role in the decision to relocate, or that destination choices might also be influenced by environmental factors? There are two main components to the project. First, overall in- and out- migration streams will be examined to determine the general relationship between migration and environmental quality. It is anticipated that increasing public concern with environmental quality will positively impact out-migration from areas with poor quality environments, while also positively impacting in-migration to areas with less environmental risk. Second, disaggregation of these population movements (by race and by education) will yield insight into "environmental equity" issues. Recent research suggests low-income and minority populations are more often exposed to environmental hazards than the remainder of the U.S. population. Selective redistribution by socioeconomic status could have great impact on these equity issues. In other words, if lower-income and minority residents are less likely to relocate from residences in areas of poor environmental quality, then it is these groups which increasingly bear the environmental burden. The results of this analysis will provide valuable insights of interest to social scientists, environmental groups, community leaders and policymakers concerned with the relationship between population distribution and environmental quality. Migration research and theory will benefit from this work. We will also learn more about the possibility that areas characterized by high levels of environmental quality might be sought after, settled and exposed to the pressures of population. Additionally, an understanding of the impact of population redistribution in regard to environmental equity should be of great concern to local government leaders, assuming a desire for equitable distribution of risk.