DETERMINANTS OF INFANT FEEDING PATTERNS

该项目将调查社会经济、人口统计和 社区，对印度尼西亚婴儿喂养模式和趋势的影响。 几乎所有的印度尼西亚婴儿都是母乳喂养的，他们是世界上 是世界上最晚断奶的 在过去的三十年里， 在印度尼西亚，母乳喂养的持续时间甚至更长。 然而，印度尼西亚的母亲倾向于将其他液体或食物加入其中。 婴儿的饮食相对较早的儿童的生活，在此之前， 无补充母乳喂养的潜在拯救生命的好处（ 将婴儿与引起婴儿疾病的细菌病原体隔离开来， 消化道）。 指导研究的概念模型将婴儿喂养模式视为 父母根据他们对孩子的看法所做的决定的结果， 无补充和补充母乳喂养的成本和效益与 其他的喂养方式。 这些决定受到资源的限制， 制度、文化规范和潜在的生理机制。 这一框架产生了一些关于影响的假设， 未补充和补充母乳喂养的发生率和持续时间， 这将使用新的回顾性数据进行测试，来自印度尼西亚 家庭生活调查（IFLS），对大量母亲和 子女 持续时间系统和有限因变量模型将用于 调查决定开始母乳喂养的决定因素， 完全母乳喂养的持续时间和补充的时间。 的 分析将允许对婴儿喂养决定的影响在不同的时间变化， 婴儿期的过程，并将认识到顺序和相关的 同一家庭中不同子女的决定性质。 解释性 变量包括水和卫生设施的价格，医疗费用，婴儿 食物和避孕药具;妇女的时间价值;家庭资源;以及 关于避孕药对健康和避孕效果的现有资料 母乳喂养。 对印度尼西亚母乳喂养的开始和持续时间的影响 将与马来西亚进行比较，马来西亚是世界上最短的 发展中国家母乳喂养的持续时间。 马来西亚 分析将使用第一和第二马来西亚家庭生活的数据 调查（MFLS-1和MFLS-2）。 MFLS数据还将用于评价 通过比较MFLS-2对婴儿喂养长期回忆质量的影响 关于1976年及更早出生的报告（1988年）与MFLS-1报告（1988年）的比较 1976年，出生于此。

This project will investigate the socioeconomic, demographic, and community, influences on infant feeding patterns and trends in Indonesia. Virtually all Indonesian infants are breastfed, and they are among the latest in the world to be weaned. Over the last three decades, the trend in Indonesia has been toward even longer durations of breastfeeding. However, Indonesian mothers tend to include other liquids or food in the infant's diet relatively early in the child's life, foregoing the potentially life-saving benefits of unsupplemented breastfeeding (which isolates infants from the bacterial pathogens that cause diseases of the digestive tract). The conceptual model guiding the research views infant feeding patterns as the result of decisions parents make based on their perceptions of the costs and benefits of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding vis-a- vis other modes of feeding. These decisions are constrained by resources, institutions, cultural norms, and underlying physiological mechanisms. This framework yields as a number of hypotheses about influences on the incidence and duration of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding, which will be tested using new retrospective data, from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), on a large number of mothers and on each of their children. Systems of duration and limited-dependent-variable models will be used to investigate determinants of the decision to initiate breastfeeding, the duration of total breastfeeding, and the timing of supplementation. The analyses will allow the influences on infant feeding decisions to vary over the course of infancy and will recognize the sequential and correlated nature of decisions for different children in the same family. Explanatory variables include prices of water and sanitation, medical are, infant foods, and contraceptives; women's value of time; household resources; and the information available about the health and contraceptive effects of breastfeeding. Influences on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in Indonesia will be compared with those in Malaysia, which has one of the shortest durations of breastfeeding among developing countries. The Malaysian analysis will use data from the First and Second Malaysian Family Life Surveys (MFLS-1 and MFLS-2). The MFLS data will also be used to evaluate the quality of long-term recall about infant feeding, by comparing MFLS-2 reports (in 1988) about births in 1976 and earlier to MFLS-1 reports (in 1976) about those same births.