COUNTER: Computing train Occupants Using Novel sensing Techniques to Enhance Rail services.

** 上下文 **：了解实时客运铁路服务使用情况至关重要，因为过度拥挤的铁路服务（每年发布为乘客超过容量，最大允许PiXC为4.5%）导致更多延误，增加事故风险，降低乘客舒适度（测得的最高负荷为184%，DFT 2012），乘客满意度下降（国家铁路乘客调查（NPRS）;交通焦点，2014年）要求列车运营商投资于补救措施，而未充分利用的服务不具有成本效益。铁路运营商对乘客装载量的多样性了解不全面，因此根据收集的数据提供服务：在路线或网络一级而不是车站一级（分类不够）;在离散的时间段而不是连续的（不完整）;根据几年前进行的研究（过时）。从历史上看，收集和分析大量高质量数据的困难和费用使得这种管理决策是可以理解的。传感器和信息通信技术的最新发展意味着它们在今天是不合理的。需要 **：COUNTER对所有类型的常规、偶然和中断的铁路旅行都有影响：拥挤处罚（MOIRA 2; PiXC）、延误（公共绩效衡量）、优化上/下车时间、旅程抑制、运力不足、客户满意度、车载体验、收入、拥堵、列车/车站设计、运营成本降低、健康和安全、污染、节能和设施管理。关于客流/需求的准确情报对智能列车至关重要。尽管获得对真实的时间乘客需求的精确和可靠的测量是所有列车操作员面临的主要挑战，但基于当前技术（例如，视频成像/重量传感器）仍然是困难的。影响：列车需求管理效率低下。**创新 **：COUNTER提供了一个可与现有列车管理系统互操作的平台，将正在申请专利的传感器融合方法（使用WiFi指纹识别和低保真红外传感器）与机器学习算法相结合，以提供对真实的时间和预测乘客计数/流量的准确评估。结果 **：COUNTER将在推出后的5年内产生预计1.18亿英镑的收入，沿着产生新的就业机会和新的知识，并具有更广泛的应用，包括所有公共交通系统和建筑管理。在英国范围内，它将减少10%的登机和下车延误（每年价值约550万英镑）;将车站和站台事故减少10% -即每年约700名乘客受伤;将铁路客户不满程度降低10%;通过更高的服务质量吸引0.8%的乘客到英国铁路网络-即每年7500万英镑的收入;通过更好的合格眼球/印象和动态交易广告空间（每年价值约1.6亿英镑）来增加车站/平台和列车广告的收入。** 关键词 **：_传感器、客流量、网络容量_.

**CONTEXT**: Understanding realtime passenger rail service use is crucial, because overcrowded rail services (annually published as Passengers in excess of capacity, with maximum allowable PiXC of 4.5%) lead to more delays, increased risk of accidents, reduced passenger comfort (highest load measured was 184%, DFT 2012) and decreased passenger satisfaction (National Rail Passenger Survey (NPRS); Transport Focus, 2014) requiring train operators to invest in remedial measures, whilst underutilised services are not cost effective. Knowledge of passenger loading diversity by rail operators is not comprehensive, so services are provided on data collected: at route or network-level not station-level (insufficiently disaggregated); in discrete time episodes rather than continuously (incomplete); based on studies undertaken several years previously (out of date). Historically, the difficulties and expense of collecting and analysing high volumes of good quality data made such management decisions understandable. Recent developments in sensor and information communication technologies mean they are not justifiable today.**NEED**: COUNTER has implications for all types of routine, incidental and disrupted rail travel: crowding penalties (MOIRA2; PiXC), delays (Public Performance Measure), optimising boarding/alighting times, journey suppression, insufficient capacity, customer satisfaction, on-board experience, revenues, congestion, timetabling, train/station design, operational cost reduction, health and safety, pollution, energy saving and facilities management. Accurate intelligence about passenger flows/demand is critical for Intelligent Trains. Despite being the primary challenge facing all train operators obtaining a precise and reliable measurement of real time passenger demand remains difficult based on current techniques, e.g. video imaging/weight sensors. Impact: train demand inefficiently managed.**INNOVATION**: COUNTER offers a platform interoperable with existing Train Management Systems, combining a patent-pending sensor fusion method using wifi fingerprinting and lo-fi infrared sensors with machine learning algorithms to deliver an accurate assessment of real time and predictive passenger counting/flow.**OUTCOME**: COUNTER will generate predicted revenue of £118M within 5 years of launch, along with new jobs and generation of new knowledge with wider applications including all mass transit systems and building management. UK-wide, it will cut delays due to boarding and alighting by 10% (worth ~£5.5m per annum); reduce station and platform accidents by 10% -- i.e. ~ 700 passenger injuries a year; cut rail customer dissatisfaction levels by 10%; attract 0.8% more passengers to UK rail network from higher service quality -- i.e. £75m per revenue per annum; increase revenue from station/platform and train advertising by better qualifying eyeballs/impressions and dynamically trade advertising space (worth ~£160m per annum). **Keywords**: _Sensors, Footfall, Network Capacity_.