NEUROTRANSMITTER AND OXYTOCIN RELEASE IN LACTATION

此应用程序是调查员启动的交互程序的组件 研究项目资助(IRPG)计划，其总体目标是 识别和表征中枢神经递质系统 哺乳期大鼠催产素的分泌。此组件将 体内去甲肾上腺素(NE)和催产素(OT)释放规律的研究 哺乳诱导的下丘脑核团。此前的研究表明， 去甲肾上腺素和催产素在前部核内释放的重要性 连合/室旁核(ACN/PVN)、视上核 (SON)和终纹床核(BNST) 分泌物。然而，释放的刺激和生理作用 下丘脑去甲肾上腺素和催产素在哺乳诱导的催产素分泌中的作用尚不清楚。为 例如，躯体刺激在哺乳诱导去甲肾上腺素中的具体作用 而下丘脑核团中的OT释放尚未被研究。 此外，核内OT释放在全身性OT中的重要性 分泌，以及去甲肾上腺素在核内催产素释放中的作用尚不清楚。 最后，神经调节剂的重要性，例如组胺(His)， 血管紧张素II(AngII)和谷氨酸(GLU)，它们可以改变中枢神经系统NE的释放， 对哺乳诱导的催产素分泌的研究尚未见报道。少校 本项目的目标是：L)确定NE和 全身性OT分泌中ACN/PVN、SON和BNST中OT的释放 通过哺乳，以及2)确定神经调节剂是否改变核内NE 和/或哺乳引起的OT分泌物。这个项目将测试整体 L)哺乳刺激去甲肾上腺素在前交叉神经核/室旁核、SON和 诱导核内OT释放和外周OT分泌的BNST 2)下丘脑去甲肾上腺素的作用受 他，Angii和GLU。具体目标是：L)测量北冰洋NE释放量 哺乳期和乳神经期的巨细胞核与BNST 刺激，2)确定中枢His和/或Angii是否影响OT的分泌 通过调节哺乳期NE的释放，以及3)测定神经化学物质 和神经内分泌对ACN/PVN核内OT释放的控制 儿子。这些具体目标将通过持续监测来实现 选定脑区神经化学物质的细胞外浓度 在有意识地、无拘无束地吸奶之前、期间和之后， 哺乳期大鼠体内微透析。透析液中的神经化学物质将是 用放射免疫(OT)和放射酶(NE，His)法测定。 此外，将使用药理激动剂和拮抗剂来测试 中枢神经化学物质(NE，OT)和神经调节剂His，AngII， Olu)对哺乳诱导的外周OT分泌的影响。这些研究将 通过定义 控制中枢去甲肾上腺素释放的生理和神经化学因素 哺乳期催产素和全身性催产素。

This application is a component of an investigator-initiated Interactive Research Project Grant (IRPG) program whose overall objective is to identify and characterize central neurotransmitter systems mediating secretion of oxytocin (OT) in the lactating rat. This component will investigate regulation of norepinephrine (NE) and OT release within hypothalamic nuclei induced by suckling. Previous studies have suggested the importance of intranuclear release of NE and OT in the anterior commissural/paraventricular nucleus area (ACN/PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in systemic OT secretion. However, the stimuli for release and physiological roles of hypothalamic NE and OT in suckling-induced OT secretion are not known. For example, the specific role of somatic stimulation in suckling-induced NE and OT release within hypothalamic nuclei has not been investigated. Furthermore, the importance of intranuclear OT release on systemic OT secretion, and the role of NE in intranuclear OT release are unknown. Finally, the importance of neuromodulators, e.g. histamine (His), angiotensin II (AngII), and glutamate (GLU), which alter CNS NE release, to suckling-induced OT secretion has not been studied. The major objectives of this project are: l) to determine the importance of NE and OT release in the ACN/PVN, SON, and BNST in systemic OT secretion induced by suckling, and 2) to determine if neuromodulators alter intranuclear NE and/or OT secretion evoked by suckling. This project will test the overall hypotheses that l) suckling stimulates NE release in the ACN/PVN, SON and BNST which induces intranuclear OT release and peripheral OT secretion during suckling; and 2) the effects of hypothalamic NE are modulated by His, AngII and GLU. The Specific Aims are: l) measure NE release in the magnocellular nuclei and BNST during suckling and mammary nerve stimulation, 2) determine if central His and/or AngII effect OT secretion by modulating NE release during lactation, and 3) determine neurochemical and neuroendocrine control of intranuclear OT release in the ACN/PVN and SON. These specific aims will be achieved by continuously monitoring extracellular concentrations of neurochemicals in selected brain areas before, during, and following suckling in conscious, unrestrained, lactating rats within vivo microdialysis. Dialysate neurochemicals will be measured with radioimmuno- (OT) and radioenzymatic (NE, His) assays. Furthermore, pharmacological agonists and antagonists will be used to test roles of central neurochemicals (NE, OT) and neuromodulators His, AngII, OLU) on peripheral OT secretion induced by suckling. These studies will contribute to the overall objective of the IRPG by defining the physiological and neurochemical factors that control release of central NE and OT and systemic OT during suckling.