EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AXIAL SKELETON AND MUSCLE

脊柱和轴向骨骼肌是从成对的 胚胎中的结构，称为体节。它们产生于松散的包装 来自原始条纹的细胞在非常早期的阶段 发展。尽管一个多世纪以来人们对 了解体节、椎骨和脊椎的节段性组织 轴肌是建立起来的，是控制这个组织的过程 在任何层面上都是未知的：组织、细胞或分子。《博大》 这项研究的目的是阐明这些控制过程 级别。 这个项目研究细胞方面，以解决四个问题 基本问题：(A)早期体节祖细胞是否表现为茎 细胞？(二)哪些小区人口负责建立 节段性模式？(C)分割单元是自主的和/或 涉及细胞分类吗？以及(D)每个椎骨是否从尾部升起 一个体节的一半和相邻体节的嘴半部分，原样 大家都相信吗？ 为了回答这些问题，最近开发的技术组合将是 使用。其中包括用碳菁标记数组细胞。 染料，通过细胞内注射示踪剂进行单细胞谱系分析， 用延时视频显微镜和显微外科技术跟踪标记的细胞 挑战小群胚胎细胞命运的手术。 如果没有研究将产生的信息，这将是困难的 为寻找控制这些基因的分子提供方向 重要的过程。所获得的知识将有助于理解 影响脊柱的发育突变以及 一些常见和严重的先天性异常的病因学，包括 脊柱侧弯、脊柱后凸、脊柱前凸、Klippel-Feil综合征等。

The vertebral column and axial skeletal muscles develop from paired structures in the embryo, called somites. They arise from loosely packed cells which come from the primitive streak at very early stages of development. Despite considerable interest for more than a century in understanding how the segmented organization of the somites, vertebrae and axial muscles is established, the processes that control this organization are still unknown at any level: tissue, cellular or molecular. The broad aim of this research is to elucidate these control processes at all levels. This project investigates the cellular aspects, to address four fundamental questions: (a) do early somite progenitors behave as stem cells? (b) which cell population is responsible for setting up the segmental pattern? (c) is segmentation cell autonomous and/or does it involve cell sorting? and (d) does each vertebra arise from the caudal half of one somite and the rostral half of the adjacent somite, as is widely believed? To answer them, a combination of recently developed techniques will be used. They include labeling of small groups of cells with carbocyanine dyes, single cell lineage analysis by intracellular injection of a tracer, following marked cells with time-lapse video microscopy and microsurgical operations to challenge the fates of small groups of embryonic cells. Without the information that the research will yield, it will be difficult to provide direction to a search for the molecules that control these important processes. The knowledge gained will help understand developmental mutations affecting the vertebral column as well as the etiology of some frequent and severe congenital abnormalities, including scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, Klippel-Feil syndrome and many others.