INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED RESTRICTION MAPPING TOOL

描述(改编自《调查者摘要》)：众多 自1978年以来，已经设计了限制图程序，但没有一个 与使用摘要凝胶照片、铅笔、 还有图表纸。给出真实的数据，程序通常会找到数百或 甚至数以千计的解决方案，其中只有一个是正确的。因为. 这种缓慢而苛刻的手工技术仍然在普遍使用。这个 研究人员建议开发公共领域软件，实现 完整的限制映射环境，其功能将更加强大 并且比当前的限制图软件更有用。该系统将： 1)比任何现有软件都更快地找到解决方案；2)Find Far 比现有的任何软件都更少的虚假地图；3)允许用户“驾驶” 整个映射过程(如果需要)；以及4)指导用户 在处理特定地图问题时，提供详细的专家建议 站起来。此外，该系统将具有：5)内置的可扩展性，因此 这种简单的修改也将使其他遗传标记图谱成为可能 同一个程序要解决的问题以及6)能够录制所有 透明的用户活动，提供成功的量化数据 绘制战略图。 该系统将基于现有的限制图程序，但它 将通过包括以下附加内容来克服其局限性 能力：1)将实施所有已知的启发式算法。(试探法 是指导寻找真正解决方案的合乎逻辑的经验法则。) 现有的程序只使用已知试探法的一小部分。每个 添加的启发式方法将加快搜索速度并减少可能的集合 问题的解决方案。2)将通过屏幕上的 “所见即所得”图形用户界面，与用户 选择全自动映射(默认)、全手动映射(使用 模拟铅笔和原木纸)或各种中间级别的 半自动辅助测绘。这将允许用户控制或 如果他们愿意，可以调整映射过程的任何部分。3)专家 系统(可以通过咨询回答问题并做出决定的程序 知识数据库)将指导用户完成绘图过程。它 将辅助数据采集过程，帮助用户解决 困难，并辅导经验不足的用户。 已经进行了大量的初步设计工作，因此 实施几乎可以立即开始。将开发软件并 反复测试(“快速成型”)，以确保最终用户满意。 为了确保源代码级别的可移植性， 该系统(片段长度推导和映射)将用C++编码 使用Boochs的面向对象的设计方法和用户界面 将使用可移植的界面构建工具进行设计，该工具可在 各种计算平台(包括DOS机器和Macintosh)。 专家系统将使用CLIPS实现，CLIPS是一种基于C语言的可移植程序 公共领域专家系统外壳。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): Numerous restriction mapping programs have been devised since 1978, but none of them is as precise as manual map construction using digest gel photos, pencil, and graph paper. Given realistic data, programs usually find hundreds or even thousands of solutions, only one of which can be correct. Because of this, slow and demanding manual techniques are still in common use. The researchers propose to develop public domain software implementing a complete restriction mapping environment which will be far more powerful and useful than current restriction mapping software. This system will: 1) find solutions more quickly than any existing software; 2) find far fewer false maps than any existing software; 3) allow the user to "steer" the entire mapping process (if desired); and 4) guide the user with detailed, expert advice on handling specific mapping problems as they arise. In addition, the system will have: 5) built-in extensibility, so that simple modifications will also allow other genetic marker mapping problems to be solved by the same program and 6) the ability to record all user activity transparently, providing quantitative data on successful mapping strategies. The system will be based on extant restriction mapping programs, but it will overcome their limitations by including the following additional capabilities: 1) All known heuristics will be implemented. (Heuristics are logical rules of thumb which guide the search towards a true solution.) Existing programs use only a small subset of the known heuristics. Every added heuristic will speed up the search and reduce the set of possible solutions to a problem. 2) Hand mapping will be simulated on-screen via a "what you see is what you get" graphical user interface, with users choosing fully automatic mapping (the default), fully manual mapping (with simulated pencils and log paper), or various in-between levels of semi-automatic assisted mapping. This will allow users to control or adjust any part of the mapping process if they so desire. 3) An expert system (a program which can answer queries and make decisions by consulting a knowledge database) will guide users through the mapping process. It will assist the process of data acquisition, help the user solve difficulties, and tutor inexperienced users. Considerable preliminary design work has already taken place, so implementation can begin almost at once. Software will be developed and tested iteratively ("rapid prototyping") to assure end-user satisfaction. To insure portability at the source code level, the two major modules of the system (fragment length derivation and mapping) will be coded in C++ using Boochs' object-oriented design methodology, and the user interface will be designed using a portable interface-building tool that works on a variety of computing platforms (including DOS machines, and the Macintosh). The expert system will be implemented using CLIPS, a portable C-based public domain expert system shell.