HERITAGE STUDY--GENETICS, EXERCISE AND RISK FACTORS

这项研究将记录基因在心血管疾病中的作用 和有氧运动的代谢反应--训练及其贡献 有规律的运动所带来的变化中的遗传因素 几种心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素。一个财团 来自美国和加拿大五个不同机构的五个实验室 将参与开展这项研究。共有650名久坐不动的人 受试者将被招募、初步测试、运动训练 同样的计划，为期20周，并重新测试。这些主题将来自 130个有父母和三个亲生成年子女的家庭，90个 高加索人家庭和40个非裔美国家庭。呼气吸氧量 容量和呼吸交换率、血压、心率、血液 乳酸、葡萄糖、甘油和游离脂肪酸、每搏量和心脏 将在训练前和训练后的训练中测量输出 最大摄氧量将被确定。血脂、脂蛋白和 载脂蛋白、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素对葡萄糖负荷的反应， 静息收缩和舒张期血浆性类固醇和糖皮质激素 血压、体脂和局部脂肪的分布也会 评估过了。营养摄入量、习惯性体力活动水平和 其他生活方式组成部分将通过三天记录和 问卷调查。多元遗传分析与复杂分离 将进行分析以发展关于遗传基因的假说 运动反应的基础--训练。随后，联想 对遗传标记的研究将使用候选基因的探针 与能量相关途径的关键调控酶有关的基因， 激素和激素受体，以及表型的载脂蛋白 通过分离分析显示出主要的基因效应，并且对于 健康相关表型的高反应者和低反应者。这项研究 应该增加我们对人类变异的理解，人类的遗传学 对运动训练的适应及其伴随的变化 心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素。

The research will document the role of the genotype in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to aerobic exercise-training and the contribution of inherited factors in the changes brought about by regular exercise for several cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. A consortium of five laboratories from five different institutions in the U.S. and Canada will be involved in carrying out this study. A total of 650 sedentary subjects will be recruited, initially tested, exercise-trained with the same program for 20-weeks, and re-tested. These subjects will come from 130 families with both parents and three biological adult offsprings, 90 Caucasian and 40 African American families. Oxygen uptake, expiratory volume and respiratory exchange ratio, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, glucose, glycerol and free-fatty acids, stroke volume and cardiac output will be measured during exercise before and after training the maximal oxygen uptake will be determined. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins, glucose tolerance and insulin response to a glucose load, plasma sex steroids and glucocorticoids, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body fat and regional fat distribution will also be assessed. Nutritional intake, level of habitual physical activity and other lifestyle components will be assessed with three day records and questionnaires. Multivariate genetic analyses and complex segregation analyses will be carried out to develop hypotheses concerning the genetic basis of the response to exercise-training. subsequently, association studies with genetic markers will be undertaken using probes for candidate genes pertaining to key regulatory enzymes of the energy-related pathways, hormones and hormone receptors, and apoproteins for the phenotypes exhibiting a major gene effect through segregation analysis and for the high- and low-responders in health related phenotypes. This research should increase our understanding of human variation, the genetics of adaptation to exercise-training and of the concomitant changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors.