COMPARATIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN PARANASAL SINUSES

副鼻窦，或空气空间，是一个突出的特点，现代 人类的面孔 事实上，它们的存在可能是一个古生物学标志， 我们自己的物种智人 副鼻窦的功能 仍然在很大程度上是未知的，关于它们的作用的理论也各不相同， 面部结构的非功能性副产品 沿着鼻腔，在加热和 吸入空气的加湿。 这项研究将调查 人类副鼻窦与鼻腔的关系 以及一系列非人类灵长类动物和其他哺乳动物。 本研究将涉及三个主要部分：1）比较 在实验室中使用死后材料解剖该区域， 西奈山医学院的杰弗里·莱特曼博士， 陆生和水生人类的发育和组织学分析 哺乳动物; 2）外部骨性标志和测量的颅骨测量研究 美国自然历史博物馆的内部卷， 卡尺和三维数字化仪; 3）使用成像 技术，如计算机辅助断层扫描（CT扫描）和磁 共振成像（MRI）扫描），这将提供机会， 以一种以前无法接近的方式来想象这个区域。 三维重建将允许计算体积 鼻窦和鼻腔的粘膜区域，以及 更详细地检查发展系列。 这项研究将形成 塞缪尔·马尔克斯先生博士论文的核心，研究生 博士生纽约市立大学人类学专业， 顾问是埃里克·德尔森教授（雷曼兄弟和美国博物馆， 自然历史）和杰弗里·莱特曼（西奈山）。 该项目是他们以前资助的面部研究的产物， 旧大陆猴子和猿的建筑，以及发展和 人类和猿类上呼吸道的进化。 马奎兹先生将在他们的机构接受培训和指导， 他的研究将通过三方互动来指导。 在 此外，另一名纽约市立大学的研究生和雷曼兄弟的高层 本科生将提供类似的培训，以及机会， 协助马尔克斯先生完成他的研究项目 两 Delson和Laitman负责培训了许多 研究生谁去了生产性的职业生涯在解剖和 生物医学研究的人类学方面。

Paranasal sinuses, or air spaces, are a prominent feature of the modern human face. In fact, their presence may be a paleontological marker for our own species, Homo sapiens. The function of the paranasal sinuses remains largely unknown, and theories as to their role vary from that of non-functional byproducts of facial structure to that of structures playing a key role, along with the nasal cavity, in heating and humidification of inspired air. This research will investigate the relationship between the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity in both humans and a range of non-human primates and other mammals. The research will involve three main components: 1) comparative dissections of the region using postmortem materials in the laboratory of Dr. Jeffrey Laitman at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, including developmental and histological analyses of humans terrestrial and aquatic mammals; 2) craniometric study of external bony landmarks and measurement of internal volumes at the American Museum of Natural History, using both calipers and a three dimensional digitizer; 3) the use of imaging technologies such as computer assisted tomographs (CT-scans) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans) which will provide the opportunity to visualize this region in a manner which was unapproachable previously. Three dimensional reconstructions will permit the calculation of volume and mucosal area of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavities as well as to examine developmental series in greater detail. This research will form the core of the doctoral dissertation of Mr. Samuel Marquez, graduate student in the Ph.D. Program in Anthropology of CUNY, whose co-thesis advisors are Professors Eric Delson (Lehman and the American Museum of Natural History) and Jeffrey Laitman (Mount Sinai). The project is an outgrowth of their previous funded research on facial architecture in Old World monkeys and apes, and on development and evolution of the upper respiratory tract in humans and apes, respectively. Mr. Marquez will be trained and mentored by them at their institutions, and his research will be directed through a three-way interaction. In addition, another CUNY graduate student and an upper-level Lehman undergraduate will be provided similar training as well as the opportunity to assist Mr. Marquez in the carrying out of his research project. Both Delson and Laitman have been responsible for the training of numerous graduate students who have gone on to productive careers in anatomical and anthropological aspects of biomedical research.