CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE

这项建议的总体目的是调查 呼吸顺畅和骨骼肌的控制。我们的观点是 这个监管体系由控制和受控组成 元素，按层次结构组织并与其他元素耦合 生理系统。该计划项目的目标是 GRANT是为了描述联系(解剖、生化和 功能)在呼吸系统的组成部分之间和在 呼吸系统和其他系统，以描述 控制和控制单元，并研究其成熟度 这些单位。我们将使用重点系统来实现这些目标， 在一个密切相关的项目中的细胞和分子方法 由七个项目和三个核心组成。项目1结合 脊椎动物和动物实验的数学分析 无脊椎动物研究呼吸系统的反应 系统对混乱的反应。它测试了这样一种想法，即这些反应 很可能是神经网络之间耦合的结果 控制器和非线性受控元件。项目2检查 中枢神经系统对体内低氧反应的研究 Project 3在体外使用时的呼吸和血管运动活性 研究神经和突触效应的脑片制备 缺氧的症状。项目4评估人体的解剖和功能 介导颈动脉小体对低氧反应的通路。 项目5检查呼吸道平滑肌的成熟度 对动物以及对健康和疾病的人类的监管。 项目6评估影响长期上呼吸道的表面作用力 鞋面衬里液体的通畅性和流变性 航空公司。项目7评估肌肉传入在 人类和动物的呼吸行为，特别是 膈神经传入在中枢性疲劳发生中的作用 呼吸肌。核心设施旨在 促进在本提案中更加强调蜂窝和 亚细胞机制。除了核心A，它提供 行政和协调职能，核心B将整合 应用免疫细胞化学和解剖学的研究 细胞结构、组织化学和核心C的研究技术 将作为分子药理学和生物化学的设施 检查细胞间通讯的方法。 本续期建议书中的每个项目都是直接或 间接来自正在进行的工作，每个人都试图将问题联系起来 系统行为到细胞水平的研究。

The overall purpose of this proposal is to investigate the control of respiratory smooth and skeletal muscles. Our view is that this regulatory system consists of controlling and controlled elements, organized hierarchically and coupled to other physiological systems. The objectives of this program project grant are to characterize linkages (anatomical, biochemical and function) among components of the respiratory system and between the respiratory and other systems, to delineate the features of the controlled and controlling units, and to study the maturation of these units. We will approach these aims using focused systems, cellular, and molecular approaches in a closely related program consisting of seven projects and three cores. Project 1 combines mathematical analysis with experiments in vertebrate and invertebrates to investigate the responses of the respiratory system to disturbances. It tests the idea that these responses are likely to be the result of coupling between neural network controllers and nonlinear controlled elements. Project 2 examines CNS responses to hypoxia in vivo to elucidate its effects on respiratory and vasomotor activity while Project 3 uses in vitro brain slice preparations to study the neural and synaptic effects of hypoxia. Project 4 assesses the anatomical and functional pathways mediating the responses of the carotid body to hypoxia. Project 5 examines the maturation of airway smooth muscle regulation in animals, and in humans with health and disease. Project 6 assesses surface forces affecting long-term upper airway patency and rheological characteristics of fluids lining the upper airways. Project 7 evaluates the role of muscle afferents in respiratory behavior in humans and in animals, particularly the contribution of phrenic afferents to development of central fatigue of the respiratory muscles. Core facilities are designed to facilitate the increased emphasis in this proposal on cellular and subcellular mechanisms. Besides Core A which serves an administrative and coordinating function, Core B will integrate research which employs immunocyto-chemical and anatomical techniques to study cell structure and histochemistry and Core C will serve as a facility for molecular pharmacology and biochemical methods to examine cell-to-cell communication. Each project in this renewal proposal arises directly or indirectly from ongoing work and each attempts to relate questions of system behavior to studies at the cellular level.