FETAL NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT & POSTNATAL CONTINUITY

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：关于 人类出生前发育的个体发生学，以及 产前到产后生活一直受到缺乏机会的阻碍 胎儿。这个项目的目标是记录正常的胎儿 孕期后半期的发育；调查预测性 从胎儿到婴儿的关系；并阐明 母体心理生理学对胎儿和婴儿发育的影响。七个假设 建议：(I)FHR反应性在#年下半年增加 怀孕，(Ii)胎儿是否能习惯于外部刺激和 会在怀孕期间增加；(Iii)母亲压力增加与 胎心率变异性降低，活动性增强，反应性增强； (四)胎儿行为将受到产妇生理和心理因素的影响 心理状态(引发的母体压力将与 胎儿心率和胎儿运动和状态的紊乱模式)；(V) 经产妇女将加速胎儿发育；(Vi)将 胎儿和婴儿之间的神经行为连续性；和(Vii) 母亲的压力效应会影响婴儿的行为。概念性 定向是指胎儿的神经行为反映了胎儿的成熟状态 神经系统，以及神经调节的个体差异 每个胎龄的体能都在正常范围内。 该项目采用了六个孕龄的纵向设计。总计 将对120名受试者进行按胎次分层的测试。每次探望胎儿时 (心率、运动活动、行为)和母体(心率、呼吸频率、 ETC)测量将在50分钟不受干扰的时间内同时记录。 数据将被数字化，并用定制软件进行处理。母性 情感特征将在研究开始时确定，并 每一次访问都会测量对日常压力源的评估。另外两个 研究被嵌入到设计中。胎儿的习惯度将在20岁时进行测试， 28周和36周胎儿胎心率和超声指标的测定 对嘎嘎声作出反应的动作。操纵母体状态将是 在24周和32周时，通过让女性参与视频游戏和测试来完成 完成短语联想任务。婴儿将在4个月和9个月大的时候接受测试 各种措施。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Knowledge about the ontogeny of human development prior to birth, and the contribution of the prenatal period to postnatal life has been hampered by the lack of access to the fetus. The goals of this project are to document normal fetal development during the latter half of gestation; to investigate predictive relations from the fetus to the infant; and to elucidate the role of maternal psychophysiology on fetal and infant development. Seven hypotheses are proposed: (i) FHR reactivity increases over the second half of gestation, (ii) Fetuses can habituate to external stimulation and the rate will increase over gestation; (iii) Increased maternal stress is associated with decreased FHR variability, increased activity and greater reactivity; (iv) Fetal behavior will be affected by maternal physiological and psychological state (induced maternal stress will associate with increased FHR and disorganized patterns of fetal movement and state); (v) Fetuses of multiparous women will have accelerated fetal development; (vi) There will be neurobehavioral continuity between fetuses and infants; and (vii) Maternal stress effects will influence infant behavior. The conceptual orientation is that fetal neurobehavior reflects the maturational status of the nervous system, and that individual differences in neural regulatory capacity are manifested within the normal range at each gestational age. The project employs a longitudinal design at six gestational ages. A total of 120 subjects, stratified for parity, will be tested. At each visit fetal (HR, motor activity, behavior) and maternal (heart period, respiratory rate, etc) measures will be recorded simultaneously during 50 undisturbed minutes. Data will be digitized and processed with customized software. Maternal affective characteristics will be determined at the onset of the study and appraisal of daily stressors will be measured at each visit. Two other studies are embedded in the design. Fetal habituation will be tested at 20, 28 and 36 weeks by measuring FHR and ultrasonographic indices of fetal movement in response to a rattle. Manipulation of maternal state will be done at 24 and 32 weeks by engaging the women in a video game and testing with a phrase association task. Infants will be tested at 4 and 9 months on a variety of measures.