FOCAL AND AMBIENT FORMS OF HUMAN VISUAL ATTENTION

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：本报告的目的 心理物理项目研究的是表情，以及神经元 这种表达的机制，人类视觉的两种形式 注意力：集中的或连续的注意力和一种基于显著的视觉形式 请注意。后一种形式的注意力被认为是平行运作的。 贯穿整个视野，并基于中心-环绕类型 神经手术。初步的心理物理证据支持两种 可以独立操作的互补注意过程的形式 对彼此的信任。为了进一步区分这两种不同的注意力 在灵长类视觉系统中工作的过程，这项研究计划进行 进行三套心理物理实验(使用计算机生成和 在监视器上显示的受控刺激)。这些实验解决了 是否只存在一种形式的焦点关注的问题 这两种注意力形式受先前视觉的影响程度如何 对这两种形式中的哪一种是有经验的 传达精确的空间关系(例如，三角形位于 圆圈)。将使用计算机模拟来补充实验 程序。场景将在大量的皮质地图中呈现， 表示不同的特征，如强度、颜色(红绿和 蓝黄色)，不同的方向和运动。这些地图中的神经元将 有在许多不同空间尺度上运作的接受场，并将 根据已知的生理机制相互作用 猕猴和人类的视觉系统。这些神经元的输出 将输入到单个显著图中，该图表示显著程度或 图像中特定特征的显著程度。将使用此计算机型号 来复制和预测心理生理表现。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The aim of this psychophysical project is to study the expression, and the neuronal mechanisms underlying this expression, of two forms of human visual attention: focal or serial attention and a saliency-based form of visual attention. This latter form of attention is believed to operate in parallel throughout the entire visual field and is based on center-surround type of neuronal operations. Preliminary psychophysical evidence supports two such forms of complementary attentional processes that can operate independently of each other. To further distinguish these two different attentional processes operating in the primate visual system, this study plans to carry out three sets of psychophysical experiments (using computer generated and controlled stimuli displayed on a monitor). The experiments address the question of whether there only exists a single form of focal attention, to what extent both forms of attention are influenced by prior visual experience on the subject and which of these two forms are necessary for conveying precise spatial relationships (e.g. the triangle is to the left of the circle). Computer modeling will be used to complement the experimental program. The scene will be represented in a large number of cortical maps, representing different features, such as intensity, color (red-green and blue-yellow), different orientations and motion. Neurons in these maps will have receptive fields operating at many different spatial scales and will interact with each other in accordance with the known physiology of the visual system of macaque monkeys and humans. The output of these neurons will feed into a single saliency map that expresses the conspicuity or saliency of particular features in images. This computer model will be used to replicate and predict psycho-physical performance.