PRESYNAPTIC CONTROL OF NEURAL NETWORK MODULATION

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：离散神经网络 脊椎动物中枢神经系统内的网络， 无脊椎动物负责产生模式化的神经元 调节节律行为的活动，如运动， 呼吸、咀嚼和加工食物。 每个网络 产生多种不同但相关的运动模式， 来自神经系统其他区域的调节输入。 长期 这项计划的目标是了解细胞机制， 选择和产生适当的运动模式的基础 在适当的时间行为。这包括确定 投射神经元负责激活、调节和终止 神经网络活动，并描述每个活动的影响 神经网络上的投射神经元和其他投射神经元上的投射神经元 这个网络。 这也包括研究的存在和功能 突触前输入对空间和电子 这些投射神经元的远端末梢。 这项建议的重点是调制的良好特点幽门和 甲壳动物口胃神经节的胃磨运动模式 (STG)由支配STG的不同投射神经元控制， 北方癌症。 电生理技术，包括 同时记录STG网络神经元的体内记录， 投射神经元的胞体内和轴突内记录，以及 因为染料填充和双重标记技术将用于解决 以下假设：（1）不同的投射神经元使用不同的 策略，以引起不同的幽门和胃磨运动模式。 (2)STG中投射神经元的运动模式选择包括 突触前对其他投射的STG终末的影响 神经元 (3)存在广泛的电耦合网络， STG涉及单个投射神经元的末梢。 （四） 投射神经元上的突触前输入在功能上划分 STG神经元内神经元活动。 这些实验的结果将提供一个新的水平， 理解，以前无法获得的，关于个人的投影 神经元影响神经网络的活动，包括所扮演的角色 通过突触前输入到这些投射的远端 神经元这将有助于指导概念理解和实验 旨在了解神经网络调制的方法， 与脊椎动物神经系统相似，但更难接近。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Discrete neural networks within the central nervous system of both vertebrates and invertebrates are responsible for generating the patterned neural activity that mediates rhythmic behaviors, such as locomotion, respiration and the chewing and processing of food. Each network produces multiple distinct but related motor patterns as a result of modulatory inputs from other regions of the nervous system. A long-term goal of this proposal is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the selection and generation of the appropriate motor pattern at the behavioral appropriate time. This includes identifying the projection neurons responsible for activating, modulating and terminating neural network activity, and characterizing the effects of each projection neuron on the neural network and on other projection neurons to that network. This also includes studying the presence and functional consequences of presynaptic inputs onto the spatially and electronically distant terminals of these projection neurons. This proposal focuses on modulation of the well-characterized pyloric and gastric mill motor patterns in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) by distinct projection neurons that innervate the STG, in the crab Cancer borealis. Electrophysiological techniques, including simultaneous intrasomatic recordings of STG network neurons and both intrasomatic and intra-axonal recordings of projection neurons, as well as dye filling and double labeling techniques will be used to address the following hypotheses: (1) Different projection neurons use different strategies to elicit distinct pyloric and gastric mill motor patterns. (2) Motor pattern selection in the STG by projection neurons includes presynaptic influences onto the STG terminals of other projection neurons. (3) There is an extensive network of electrical coupling in the STG involving the terminals of individual projection neurons. (4) Presynaptic input onto a projection neuron functionally compartmentalizes the activity of that neuron within the STG neuropil. The results of these experiments will provide a new level of understanding, previously unobtainable, about how individual projection neurons influence neural network activity, including the roles played by presynaptic inputs onto the distant terminals of these projection neurons. This will help guide conceptual understanding and experimental approaches aimed at understanding neural network modulation in the similar, but less accessible, vertebrate nervous system.