CONTEXTUAL CONTROL OF OPIATE EFFECTS

拟议中的研究将研究导致 一般药物滥用的开始和持续以及阿片剂依赖 特别是。本提案的关键概念涉及 环境（背景）、有机体和效应之间的相互作用 的阿片类药物，并侧重于如何条件反射和上下文线索影响 药物的作用。分析利用了药物这一有力工具 辨别学习应用于经典条件作用程序 （区分条件性味觉厌恶），以及操作性 程序（区分两个键响应）。具体来说，动物将 接受过检测不同剂量吗啡的训练， 作为药物功能的区别性刺激效应的评估- 和情境条件作用本研究中使用的实验设计 分析包括遮蔽、阻塞、潜在抑制或预 暴露效应、反向学习、灭绝以及随机 强化训练这些现象将在不同的条件下进行研究。 背景，涉及不同的条件反射历史，并使用上述 设计，旨在对这种互动的实验分析， 方面的影响.一个特别强调的是放在不同的分析 灭绝过程中的情境线索 研究的目的是 提供了一个学习之间的复杂的相互作用的理解 涉及药物摄入的事件，以及伴随的背景 情节 因此，对这些复杂相互作用的彻底检查 是必要的，以便充分理解和欣赏的复杂性， 吸毒和成瘾。

The proposed research will examine factors that contribute to the initiation and maintenance of drug abuse in general, and opiate dependence in particular. The key concept for the present proposal concerns the interaction between environment (context), the organism, and the effects of opiates, and focuses on how conditioning and contextual cues affect the actions of drugs. The analysis makes use of the powerful tool of drug discrimination learning applied to a classical conditioning procedure (discriminated conditioned taste aversion), as well as to an operant procedure (discriminated two key responding). Specifically animals will be trained to detect morphine at different dose levels, followed by assessments of the discriminative stimulus effects as a function of drug- and contextual conditioning. The experimental designs to be used in this analysis include overshadowing, blocking, latent inhibition or pre- exposure effect, reversal learning, extinction, as well as random reinforcement training. These phenomena will be examined under varying contexts, involving different conditioning histories, and using the above designs which are aimed at the experimental analysis of such interactive effects. A particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of varying contextual cues during extinction. The studies are designed in order to provide an understanding of the complex interactions between a learning episode involving drug intake, and the accompanying contextual circumstances. Thus, a thorough examination of these complex interactions is necessary in order to fully understand and appreciate the complexity of drug actions and addiction.