GENETIC FACTORS IN RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL

这些研究的目的是研究导致 兴奋剂和镇静剂反应的变异性。该计划的目标是 家族史研究是(1)比较急性酒精的反应 在药物滥用的低风险和高风险人群中面临挑战 由酗酒家族史定义，(2)比较对 兴奋剂(d-苯丙胺)在同一组，和(3)检查 受试者对兴奋剂和镇静剂反应的一致性。 对药物的反应将使用一系列措施进行衡量，包括 静息脑电、事件相关电位、持续操作任务、 生理性震颤和站立稳定性以及自我报告的主观性 效果。 药物偏好研究的目的是(1)检验假设 比起安慰剂，偏爱d-苯丙胺的人会报告更多 刺激物喜欢主观效果，以及(2)检验假设 与安慰剂相比，更喜欢d-苯丙胺的人会表现出行为和 电生理反应与类兴奋剂一致 主观影响，而喜欢安慰剂的人会有 不同的行为和生理效应。对以下问题的回应 将使用与将用于测量的相同电池来测量药物 家族史研究。 双胞胎对持续注意力的研究将(1)允许估计 持续注意的遗传度，(2)检查儿童的发育变化 这种遗传性，以及(3)分离遗传和 环境对性别差异的持续观察 性能测试。理解遗传效应对CPT意志的影响 有助于澄清注意力缺陷在药物滥用和其他方面的作用 精神错乱。

The purpose of these studies is to study factors contributing to variability in stimulant and sedative drug response. The aims of the family history study are (1) to compare athe response to an acute alcohol challenge in individuals at low and high risk for substance abuse as defined by family history of alcoholism, (2) to compare the response to a stimulant drug (d-amphetamine) in the same groups, and (3) to examine the concordance of response to a stimulant and a sedative drug within subjects. Response to drug will be measured using a battery of measures including resting EEG, event-related potentials, the Continuous Performance Task, physiological tremor and standing stability, and self-reported subjective effects. The aims of the drug preference study are (1) to test the hypothesis that individuals who prefer d-amphetamine over placebo will report more stimulant like subjective effects, and (2) to test the hypothesis that individuals who prefer d-amphetamine over placebo will show behavioral and electrophysiological responses consistent with the stimulant-like subjective effects, while individuals who prefer placebo will have a different profile of behavioral and physiological effects. Response to drug will be measured using the same battery of measures as will be used in the family history study. The twins study of sustained attention will (1) permit estimates of the heritability of sustained attention, (2) examine developmental changes in that heritability, and (3) disentangle the effects of heredity and environment ont he observed gender differences in the Continuous Performance Test. Understanding of the genetic effects ont he CPT will help to clarify the role of attention deficits in substance abuse and other disorders.