MOLECULAR NOVELTY IN SEQUENCES OF BACTERIA AND MODEL ORGANISMS

从不同的基因序列推导出的蛋白质序列 细菌登陆古细菌，也越来越多地来自 真核模式生物，正在产生丰富的新的 蛋白质功能、相互作用和进化方面的知识。 新奇的发现，最初是通过计算得出的 已经对序列和序列数据库进行了分析 与实验实验室合作研究 协同方法，包括定向诱变和 光谱/酶分析。计算型 正在制定战略，以识别一些 涉及到功能氨基酸序列模式，许多 这是微妙和多变的。 A.参与DNA结合的蛋白质和蛋白质复合体， 诱变和修复。对于墙建立的图案 DNA结合区--评价模式的新方法 正在开发鉴别器并将其应用于更多 新奇的图案。低复杂度的序列经常出现在 多亚单位DNA结合复合体的组成和 在数据库搜索之前需要分析和过滤。 基于迭代的局部多点自动配准方法 抽样包括在内，并基于测试集进行评估 各种类型的DNA结合基序。 B.复杂细菌中的序列家族，包括 病原体。快速增长的新序列来自 致病菌，以及种类繁多的原核生物，如 多细胞或分化细菌、蓝藻 和古细菌，通过一系列的研究 计算分析。超过50%的人 可分类的蛋白质序列在 大肠杆菌和其他经过充分研究的细菌，以及其中许多 有真核同源基因。低复杂性的示例 随着不断增加的片段和多个重复出现 频率，特别是在与表面有关的蛋白质中 相互作用，例如与免疫系统，许多 它们进化得很快。在其他情况下，新的化学品和 新陈代谢功能已被发现。基因组序列和 代谢产物和蛋白质结构的研究 形态多样的细菌和其他模型 生物体继续提供丰富和具有成本效益的 关于分子功能和新发现的来源 蛋白质的进化，包括与人类相关的方面 疾病。

Protein sequences deduced from gene sequences of diverse bacteria land archaebacteria, and also, increasingly, from eukaryotic model organisms, are yielding a wealth of new knowledge on protein functions, interactions and evolution. Novel findings, that emerged initially from computational analysis of sequences and sequence databases, have been studied in collaboration with experimental laboratories by concerted methods including directed mutagenesis and spectroscopic/enzymological analyses. Computational strategies are being developed to recognize some of the functional amino acid sequence patterns involved, many of which are subtle and variable. A. Proteins and protein complexes involved in DNA binding, mutagenesis and repair. For patterns of wall-established DNA binding regions, new methods for evaluation of pattern discriminators are being developed and applied to more novel patterns. Low- complexity sequences are frequent in components of multisubunit DNA-binding complexes and require analysis and filtering before database searches. Methods of automated local multiple alignment by iterative sampling are included and evaluated based on test sets of various types of DNA-binding motifs. B. Sequence families in complex bacteria including pathogens. The rapidly growing body of new sequences from pathogenic bacteria, and widely diverse prokaryotes such as multicellular or differentiating bacteria, cyanobacteria and archaebacteria, were investigated by a range of computational analyses. More than 50 percent of the classifiable protein sequences did not have counterparts in E. coli and other well-studied bacteria, and many of these had eukaryotic homologs. Examples of low-complexity segments and multiple repeats are emerging with increasing frequency, especially in proteins involved in surface interactions, for example with the immune system, many of which evolve rapidly. In other cases, novel chemical and metabolic functions have been found. Genome sequences and protein structural studies from matabolically and morphogenetically diverse bacteria and other model organisms continue to provide a rich and cost-effective source of new discoveries on the molecular functions and evolution of proteins including aspects related to human diseases.