FETAL NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT & POSTNATAL CONTINUITY

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：关于 人类出生前的个体发育，以及 从产前到产后的生活受到阻碍， 胎儿 本项目的目标是记录正常胎儿 在妊娠后期的发展;调查预测 从胎儿到婴儿的关系;并阐明 产妇心理生理学对胎儿和婴儿发育的影响。 七个假设 建议：（i）FHR反应性在下半年增加 妊娠，（ii）胎儿可以习惯于外部刺激， （三）增加产妇的压力， 胎心率变异性降低，活动性增加，反应性增强; (iv)胎儿的行为会受到母体生理和 心理状态（诱发的母体压力将与增加的 （五）胎儿的胎动和状态紊乱）; （六）胎儿发育加快; 胎儿和婴儿之间的神经行为连续性;以及（vii） 母亲的压力效应会影响婴儿的行为。 概念 方向是胎儿神经行为反映的成熟状态， 神经系统和神经调节个体差异 能力在每个胎龄的正常范围内表现出来。 该项目采用了6个胎龄的纵向设计。 共 将对120例受试者（按奇偶性分层）进行检测。 每次访视时，胎儿 (HR运动活动，行为）和母体（心动周期，呼吸频率， 等）测量将在50分钟不受干扰的时间内同时记录。 数据将被数字化，并使用定制软件进行处理。 产妇 情感特征将在研究开始时确定， 在每次访问时将测量日常压力源的评估。 另外两 研究被嵌入到设计中。 20岁时将测试胎儿的适应能力， 测定28周和36周胎心率及超声指标 响叮当声的动作。 对母性状态的操纵 在24周和32周时，让女性参与视频游戏， 一个短语联想任务。 婴儿将在4个月和9个月时进行测试， 各种措施。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Knowledge about the ontogeny of human development prior to birth, and the contribution of the prenatal period to postnatal life has been hampered by the lack of access to the fetus. The goals of this project are to document normal fetal development during the latter half of gestation; to investigate predictive relations from the fetus to the infant; and to elucidate the role of maternal psychophysiology on fetal and infant development. Seven hypotheses are proposed: (i) FHR reactivity increases over the second half of gestation, (ii) Fetuses can habituate to external stimulation and the rate will increase over gestation; (iii) Increased maternal stress is associated with decreased FHR variability, increased activity and greater reactivity; (iv) Fetal behavior will be affected by maternal physiological and psychological state (induced maternal stress will associate with increased FHR and disorganized patterns of fetal movement and state); (v) Fetuses of multiparous women will have accelerated fetal development; (vi) There will be neurobehavioral continuity between fetuses and infants; and (vii) Maternal stress effects will influence infant behavior. The conceptual orientation is that fetal neurobehavior reflects the maturational status of the nervous system, and that individual differences in neural regulatory capacity are manifested within the normal range at each gestational age. The project employs a longitudinal design at six gestational ages. A total of 120 subjects, stratified for parity, will be tested. At each visit fetal (HR, motor activity, behavior) and maternal (heart period, respiratory rate, etc) measures will be recorded simultaneously during 50 undisturbed minutes. Data will be digitized and processed with customized software. Maternal affective characteristics will be determined at the onset of the study and appraisal of daily stressors will be measured at each visit. Two other studies are embedded in the design. Fetal habituation will be tested at 20, 28 and 36 weeks by measuring FHR and ultrasonographic indices of fetal movement in response to a rattle. Manipulation of maternal state will be done at 24 and 32 weeks by engaging the women in a video game and testing with a phrase association task. Infants will be tested at 4 and 9 months on a variety of measures.